Historical Studies in Computing, Information, and Society

Part of the History of Computing Book Series

Editors: Aspray, William

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18955-6

ISBN: 978-3-030-18954-9

Publisher: Springer International Publishing - Springer Journals

Jan 2, 2020

Available

The Time of Computers: From Babbage and the 1830s to the Present

Bowker, Geoffrey C.

Pages: 1 –15

[This chapter argues first that Babbage and Lyell developed a similar, machinic view of human and natural time, with the difference engine for Babbage being at the center of this conceptualization. This view involved the smoothing of time socially and naturally to create a form of stasis. Second,...
Available

Expanding the Usable Past

Light, Jennifer S.

Pages: 17 –28

[Across diverse industries and professions, speculations about the future of computers and information technologies have been joined by frequent invocations of the past. These efforts to look backwards and forwards find many uses for history. Yet the turn to a usable past has been unnecessarily...
Available

The Modem that Still Connects Us

Kline, Ronald R.

Pages: 29 –50

[The history of the modem demonstrates that digitization is a hybrid process, in which analog-digital techniques were (and still are) essential. As an indispensable “gateway technology,” the modem has integrated heterogeneous information infrastructures since the 1960s, by layering a digital...
Available

Values, Media, and Genres for Standardization

Yates, JoAnne

Pages: 51 –82

[This chapter applies genre theory to the history of voluntary standardization. Drawing from research on electrical, Internet, and Web standardization reported in Yates and Murphy (Engineering rules: global standard setting since 1880. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2019), I show how...
Available

Talking About Metadata Labor: Social Science Data Archives, Professional Data Librarians, and the Founding of IASSIST

Downey, Greg; Eschenfelder, Kristin R.; Shankar, Kalpana

Pages: 83 –113

[Contemporary calls for collecting, preserving, and repurposing huge stores of digital social science data within “cyberinfrastructure” are not entirely new. Similar sentiments decades ago motivated the development of what came to be known by the late 1960s as “social science data archives” or...
Available

Gender Bias in Computing

Misa, Thomas J.

Pages: 115 –136

[This chapter examines the historical dimension of gender bias in the US computing workforce. It offers new quantitative data on the computing workforce prior to the availability of US Census data in the 1970s. Computer user groups (including SHARE, Inc., and the Mark IV software user group) are...
Available

An Archetype for Outsiders in Technology Commercialization

Greenstein, Shane

Pages: 137 –172

[This chapter presents an archetype of confrontations that highlights the distinctive perspective of an outsider. In this archetype insider refers to an established leading firm in a specific market, while outsiders are startups or historical nonparticipants in the insider’s market. The chapter...

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