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Scientific Discovery in the Social Sciences

Part of the Synthese Library Book Series (volume 413)

Editors: Addis, Mark; Lane, Peter C. R.; Sozou, Peter D.; Gobet, Fernand

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23769-1

ISBN: 978-3-030-23768-4

Publisher: Springer International Publishing - Springer Journals

Sep 13, 2019

1 - 10 of 11 Chapters

Available

Introduction: Scientific Discovery in the Social Sciences

Gobet, Fernand; Addis, Mark; Lane, Peter C. R.; Sozou, Peter D.

Pages: 1 –7

[Is it reasonable to talk about scientific discoveries in the social sciences? This chapter briefly reviews the status of scientific research in the social sciences and some of the arguments for and against the notion of scientific discovery in those sciences. After providing definitions of...
Available

Case Studies and Statistics in Causal Analysis: The Role of Bayesian Narratives

Abell, Peter; Koumenta, Maria

Pages: 11 –25

[Case study method suffers from limited generalisation and lack of extensive comparative method both of which are prerequisites for the standard co-variation approach to causality. Indeed, in the standard model co-variation and comparative method are logical prerequisites for any causal...
Available

Scale Development in Human and Social Sciences: A Philosophical Perspective

Peterson, Clayton

Pages: 27 –48

[Explanation of human and social phenomena is often formulated using unobservable constructs, otherwise known as latent constructs. In this context, latent constructs are broadly understood as latent characteristics. Formally, latent constructs are interpreted as latent variables that influence...
Available

The Role of Imagination in Social Scientific Discovery: Why Machine Discoverers Will Need Imagination Algorithms

Stuart, Michael T.

Pages: 49 –66

[When philosophers discuss the possibility of machines making scientific discoveries, they typically focus on discoveries in physics, biology, chemistry and mathematics. Observing the rapid increase of computer use in science, however, it becomes natural to ask whether there are any scientific...
Available

The Structure of Scientific Fraud: The Relationship Between Paradigms and Misconduct

Trubody, Ben

Pages: 67 –83

[This chapter argues that the level of difficulty in committing scientific fraud is a route to analysing the similarities and differences between the sciences. In The Structure of Scientific Revolutions Kuhn presents a paradigmatic theory of scientific change. “Paradigms”, I argue, set a limit...
Available

Information in Financial Markets

Greene, Catherine

Pages: 87 –102

[The concept of “information” is central to our understanding of financial markets, both in theory and in practice. Analysing information is not only a critical part of the activities of many financial practitioners, but also plays a central role in the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). The...
Available

The Logic of Scientific Discovery in Macroeconomics

Henschen, Tobias

Pages: 103 –119

[There have been a number of findings in macroeconomics that appear to be worthy of the title of scientific discovery. A striking fact about these discoveries is that they refer to causal relations, i.e. to relations that permit policy manipulations of one aggregate quantity to influence another....
Available

Discovering Solidarity: Research on Solidarity as a Case of a That-What Discovery

Motrenko, Jakub Bazyli

Pages: 121 –137

[We rarely talk about scientific discoveries in sociology, and usually only in research fields that pursue a positivist ideal of science. This does not mean, however, that it does not make sense to talk about sociological discoveries in fields that do not apply research methods to generate large...
Available

Syntax, Semantics and the Formalisation of Social Science Theories

Dimarogkona, Maria; Addis, Mark; Stefaneas, Petros

Pages: 141 –154

[Selected historical and contemporary aspects of the debate between the syntactic and semantic views of scientific theories are presented. The theory of institutions is an abstract model theory approach which allows representation of both the syntactic and semantic views of scientific theories in...
Available

Semi-Automatic Generation of Cognitive Science Theories

Addis, Mark; Gobet, Fernand; Lane, Peter C. R.; Sozou, Peter D.

Pages: 155 –171

[Developing computational models constitutes an important aspect of research in science in general and cognitive science in particular. It is a notoriously difficult enterprise and methods for (semi-)automatically developing models are desirable, possibly using evolutionary mechanisms. Although...

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