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Top-Down Causation and Emergence

Part of the Synthese Library Book Series (volume 439)

Editors: Voosholz, Jan; Gabriel, Markus

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-71899-2

ISBN: 978-3-030-71898-5

Publisher: Springer International Publishing - Springer Journals

Aug 7, 2021

1 - 10 of 17 Chapters

Available

Physical, Logical, and Mental Top-Down Effects

Ellis, George F. R.; Gabriel, Markus

Pages: 3 –37

[In this paper, we explore the architecture of downward causation on the basis of three central cases. (1) We set out by answering the question of how top-down causation is possible in the universe. The universe is not causally closed, because of irreducible randomness at the quantum level. What...
Available

Making Sense of Top-Down Causation: Universality and Functional Equivalence in Physics and Biology

Green, Sara; Batterman, Robert W.

Pages: 39 –63

[Top-down causation is often taken to be a metaphysically suspicious type of causation that is found in a few complex systems, such as in human mind-body relations. However, as Ellis and others have shown, top-down causation is ubiquitous in physics as well as in biology. Top-down causation...
Available

Mathematics and Measurement: Causation and the Mind

Bueno, Otávio

Pages: 65 –75

[In this paper, I discuss two aspects of top-down causation in George Ellis’s compelling account of this complex concept. I first examine whether mathematical structures can enter into any causal relations, and argue that it is unclear that they can. I highlight instead the role played by the...
Available

Strong Emergence in Condensed Matter Physics

Drossel, Barbara

Pages: 79 –99

[This chapter argues that the physics of condensed matter, such as crystals, superconductors, magnets, liquids, cannot be fully reduced to the supposedly fundamental quantum mechanical theory for all the atoms of which the system consists. The author holds the view that there are in fact many...
Available

On the Topic of Emergence from an Effective Field Theory Perspective

Luu, Thomas; Meißner, Ulf-G.

Pages: 101 –114

[Effective Field Theories have been used successfully to provide a “bottom-up” description of phenomena whose intrinsic degrees of freedom behave at length scales far different from their effective degrees of freedom. An example is the emergent phenomenon of bound nuclei, whose constituents are...
Available

The Principle of Biological Relativity: Origins and Current Status

Noble, Denis

Pages: 117 –133

[This chapter describes the origin of the principle of biological relativity and its development since 2012. It was first formulated by distinguishing between the causal properties of initial and boundary conditions, regarded as a formal cause, compared to the dynamics of the differential...
Available

A Macro Agent and Its Actions

Albantakis, Larissa; Massari, Francesco; Beheler-Amass, Maggie; Tononi, Giulio

Pages: 135 –155

[In science, macro level descriptions of the causal interactions within complex, dynamical systems are typically deemed convenient, but ultimately reducible to a complete causal account of the underlying micro constituents. Yet, such a reductionist perspective is hard to square with several...
Available

Physics, Determinism, and the Brain

Ellis, George F. R.

Pages: 157 –214

[This chapter responds to claims that causal closure of the underlying microphysics determines brain outcomes as a matter of principle, even if we cannot hope to ever carry out the needed calculations in practice. The reductionist position is that microphysics alone determines all, specifically...
Available

Downward Causation Defended

Woodward, James

Pages: 217 –251

[This paper defends the notion of downward causation. I will seek to elucidate this notion, explain why it is a useful way of thinking, and respond to criticisms attacking its intelligibility. My account of downward causation will be in many respects similar to the account recently advanced by...
Available

A Pragmatist Perspective on Causation, Laws and Explanation

Healey, Richard

Pages: 253 –268

[I offer a pragmatist understanding of causation, laws and explanation that traces the features of these notions to their functions in our practical as well as theoretical projects. Laws derive their importance from their epistemic and methodological functions, while the primary role of causal...

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