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Cyber and the City

Part of the History of Computing Book Series

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07933-7

ISBN: 978-3-031-07932-0

Publisher: Springer International Publishing - Springer Journals

Jul 26, 2022

Available

Introduction

Sweetman, Ashley

Pages: 1 –23

[Banks have acted as secure stores of wealth for millennia. William Mitford, in his famous History of Greece, described how temples fulfilled such a role in that country’s Ancient existence. ‘In the general insecurity of property in the early ages … it was highly desirable to convert all that...
Available

The London Clearing Banks and Computer Security: 1960–1977

Sweetman, Ashley

Pages: 25 –65

[Information technology revolutionised the United Kingdom’s financial sector in the second half of the twentieth century. Beginning in the 1950s, and gathering pace throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the London clearing banks, responsible for facilitating financial settlements between institutions...
Available

BACS: 1971–1980

Sweetman, Ashley

Pages: 67 –89

[Bankers’ Automated Clearing Services (BACS) was one of the first major co-ordinated attempts at automation in the United Kingdom’s financial sector. Created as the Interbank Computer Bureau in 1968, the organisation became BACS in 1971 and was owned jointly by the five largest London clearing...
Available

SWIFT: 1972–1984

Sweetman, Ashley

Pages: 91 –113

[‘The international banking and financial community clearly has entered into a period of evolutionary change’, remarked Charles Reuterskiold in early 1982. Reuterskiold was the General Manager of the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, or SWIFT, which had been launched...
Available

Consolidating Growth: 1978–1985

Sweetman, Ashley

Pages: 115 –132

[The Governor of the Bank of England, Gordon Richardson, spoke at the opening of National Westminster Bank’s new Management Services Centre at Goodmans Fields in London in 1979. Both reflective and upbeat in tone, the Governor was proud of the contribution that British banks in particular had...
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CHAPS: 1972–1984

Sweetman, Ashley

Pages: 133 –182

[Banks in the United Kingdom continued to embrace technological advances in computers and telecommunications in the 1980s. The ability for terminals in individual bank headquarters and branches to communicate with each other via networks meant quicker and more fluid internal operations. Linking...
Available

Hacking It: 1985–1995

Sweetman, Ashley

Pages: 183 –207

[By the end of the 1980s there was broad consensus that the financial sector was one of the most aware and active sectors in relation to computer security. Henry Beker, a computer security expert who had spent time in business, primarily financial institutions, was one proponent of this opinion....

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