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Mussolini and the Salò Republic, 1943–1945

Part of the Italian and Italian American Studies Book Series

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76189-3

ISBN: 978-3-319-76188-6

Publisher: Springer International Publishing - Springer Journals

Jun 1, 2018

1 - 10 of 20 Chapters

Available

Historical Background of the Italian Social Republic

Burgwyn, H. James

Pages: 1 –13

[During Mussolini’s first period as Italy’s head of government and Fascist duce between 1922 and 1943, he pursued imperialist objectives in the Balkans and in the Mediterranean Basin by exploiting the myth of Italy’s “mutilated victory.” Moreover, to partner with the German-led defeated powers of...
Available

Birth of the Regime

Burgwyn, H. James

Pages: 15 –30

[Hitler moved quickly by sending elite paratroopers to rescue Mussolini from his mountain incarceration. After having been flown to safety in Germany, Hitler persuaded the bedraggled Duce to be his puppet ruler of the Italian Fascist Republic headquartered in Salò. A nascent partisan movement...
Available

A Convoluted Fascist Revival

Burgwyn, H. James

Pages: 31 –57

[Mussolini’s inexperienced government suffered many vicissitudes in his early days in office. While staffing the new Salò government and contriving a refurbished identity, Mussolini and the camarilla surrounding him sought to broaden popular support. However, debilitating internal rivalries and...
Available

The German “Occupying Ally”

Burgwyn, H. James

Pages: 59 –81

[Germany made lightning moves to dominate Italian affairs as soon as the ink had dried on the armistice of 8 September 1943. The Wehrmacht surged over the Alps following the Allied invasion of Sicily and southern Italy, and Hitler took over the Littorale Adriatico and Prealpi. To nail down German...
Available

RSI Armed Forces

Burgwyn, H. James

Pages: 83 –99

[Mussolini angled to create a strong and independent army, but, as a German puppet leader, he had little leverage in applying pressure on Berlin to release the 600,000 Italian soldiers languishing in camps in the Third Reich. Meanwhile, within Italian ranks, a struggle for military primacy ensued...
Available

Fascist-Style Law and Order

Burgwyn, H. James

Pages: 101 –125

[In the RSI government, the collapse of law and order proceeded apace. The Germans impaired the royalist Carabinieri, while the National Republican Guard broke down from sheer incompetence. In the resultant void, rogue militias proliferated: Prince Valerio Borghese’s X Mas, the Muti Legion, the...
Available

Socialization Projects

Burgwyn, H. James

Pages: 127 –139

[Mussolini frequently sang the praises of his novel economic model: socializzazione. Angelo Tarchi, head of the Ministry of Corporate Economy, attempted to give life to this favored Fascist economic model. Regrettably for Mussolini, however, this economic scheme was rejected by the Fascist...
Available

Persecution of the Jews

Burgwyn, H. James

Pages: 141 –164

[Fascist persecution of the Jews by the Salò regime represents the worst features of the regime. At the Party Congress on 14 November 1943, The Fascist Party secretary, Pavolini, set the table for a harsh anti-Semitic policy by ordering the confiscation of Jewish property to fill RSI coffers....
Available

The RSI and the Italian Catholic World

Burgwyn, H. James

Pages: 165 –171

[Controversy still swirls around Pope Pius XII’s general silence regarding the Holocaust. Given the Vatican’s ambiguity, the Catholic clergy divided between obedience to the Salò government and support of the partisans. The Church supported the regime against atheistic Communism, the...
Available

Black Brigades

Burgwyn, H. James

Pages: 173 –191

[As time passed, the Fascist regime became increasingly radicalized, egged on by a Fascist press that forcefully urged drastic action. Swelled by disparate and contending forces, the Fascist Party undertook decisive action. By forming the Black Brigades to strike against the partisans and their...

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