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Fundamentals of Physical Geology

Part of the Springer Geology Book Series

DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-1539-4

ISBN: 978-81-322-1538-7

Publisher: Springer India - Springer Journals

Jul 3, 2013

1 - 10 of 16 Chapters

Available

Introduction

Jain, Sreepat

Pages: 1 –10

[Geology deals with the study of Earth, its materials, processes that affect them, the products formed and the Earth’s history since its birth, 4.54 billion years ago (±0.5 billion years; inferred from the Canyon Diablo iron meteorite that impacted at the Barringer Crater, Arizona, USA (USGS...
Available

The Solar System: Sun and Planets

Jain, Sreepat

Pages: 13 –35

[The Universe is all the mass that exists, spanning from the largest galaxies to the tiny subatomic particle. Furthermore, as mass is exchangeable with energy, the Universe also encompasses all forces and energies that exist therein. Hence, the Universe is unlimited in time and shape and infinite...
Available

The Cosmic Bodies

Jain, Sreepat

Pages: 37 –53

[Our Solar system is home to all cosmic bodies—from Asteroids and Comets to Satellites and Planets. Asteroids include all Meteoroids, Meteors, and Meteorites (see also Seymour 1994; Lodders and Fegley 1998). To avoid further confusion of their term usage, a brief nomenclature of cosmic bodies...
Available

Earth as a Planet

Jain, Sreepat

Pages: 57 –75

[Earth has been referred by several names as Tellus (the Roman goddess of Earth and a symbol of fertility), Gaia (ancient Greek Earth goddess) and Terra, from the Latin meaning Earth. Earth is the third planet of our Solar System and is placed at a distance of about 150 million km from the Sun....
Available

Interior of the Earth

Jain, Sreepat

Pages: 77 –94

[The Core, Mantle and Crust constitute the three main layers of earth (Fig. 5.1). Compositionally (chemically), the outer thin crust is mostly silicate (SiO2-based) and mantle, the layer below is accompanied by metal oxides (such as MgO, FeO, Al2O3, CaO, and Na2O) in mineral composition (Taylor...
Available

The Geological Timescale

Jain, Sreepat

Pages: 95 –125

[Scientists are continuing to unravel the events that might have occurred millions and billions of years ago in the earth’s history. However, from our human perspective, it is very difficult to appreciate the immensity of geologic time, considering the fact that the first modern man...
Available

Weathering and Mass Wasting

Jain, Sreepat

Pages: 129 –163

[Weathering is a process of a slow continuous breakdown of rocks into smaller particles that are in equilibrium with the prevailing environment (Bland and Rolls 1998). This process involves both decomposition (chemical breakdown) and disintegration (physical breakdown) of rocks and minerals. When...
Available

Streams

Jain, Sreepat

Pages: 165 –210

[A large stream is a river and earth’s lifeblood. While flowing to the oceans, they drain about 68 % of the earth’s land surface; the remainder is either covered by ice or drains into closed basins. Areas draining to the sea are common in humid regions, whereas those draining to the interior...
Available

Groundwater

Jain, Sreepat

Pages: 211 –226

[Groundwater originates as rainfall or snow (precipitation), and then moves through the soil into the groundwater system, where it eventually makes its way back to surface as streams, lakes, or oceans (Fig. 9.1) (see also Price 1996).]
Available

Karst

Jain, Sreepat

Pages: 227 –239

[The Karst region is characterized by a landscape that is dotted with sinkholes, underlained by caves and with many large springs that discharge into stream valleys.]

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