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Scepticism in the Eighteenth Century: Enlightenment, Lumières, Aufklärung

Part of the International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées Book Series (volume 210)

Editors: Charles, Sébastien; J. Smith, Plínio

DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4810-1

ISBN: 978-94-007-4809-5

Publisher: Springer Netherlands - Springer Journals

Feb 23, 2013

1 - 10 of 23 Chapters

Available

Introduction: What Is Enlightenment Scepticism? A Critical Rereading of Richard Popkin

Charles, Sébastien

Pages: 1 –15

[Richard Popkin’s first works devoted to scepticism in the Enlightenment make it look as if the eighteenth century had no concern for sceptical texts. With the exception of Hume, who is presented as the only true sceptic of the Enlightenment, Popkin believes that eighteenth century thinkers were...
Available

Bayle and Pyrrhonism: Antinomy, Method, and History

Smith, Plínio J.

Pages: 19 –30

[Bayle’s “sceptical method of antinomy” is of enduring historical interest, since so many figures of the period discussed it, including Hume, Kant, and Hegel. In the paper, I examine Bayle’s own definition of scepticism, and exhibit his scepticism at work in the writing of his Dictionary. The...
Available

Fideism, Scepticism, or Free-Thought? The Dispute Between Lamy and Saint-Laurens over Metaphysical Knowledge

Malinowski-Charles, Syliane

Pages: 31 –43

[From 1708 to 1710, the Cartesian monk François Lamy exchanged several letters with a reader of his work on the value and possibility of knowledge. The young Saint-Laurens teased Lamy on several issues related to what we can know of God, of justice and morality, and of metaphysics, thus...
Available

Leibniz’s Anti-scepticism

Pelletier, Arnaud

Pages: 45 –61

[Leibniz never addressed systematically the sceptical issue in its various historical and conceptual dimensions. Nevertheless he progressively met different challenges and arguments throughout his innumerable readings, correspondences and writings displaying different faces of scepticism: the...
Available

The Protestant Critics of Bayle at the Dawn of the Enlightenment

Matytsin, Anton

Pages: 63 –76

[The learned world of the early-eighteenth century encountered a veritable crisis of confidence in man’s ability to know the surrounding world with any degree of certainty. Thinkers who attempted to strengthen or to construct anew the epistemological foundations of human knowledge saw the...
Available

The “Wise Pyrrhonism” of the Académie Royale Des Sciences of Paris: Natural Light and Obscurity of Nature According to Fontenelle

Peterschmitt, Luc

Pages: 77 –91

[In this paper, my aim is to study the “wise pyrhonism”, which, according to Fontenelle, should ground the system of physics. However, the methodological scepticism (i.e. the close review of the proofs, either rational or experimental) leads to a in principle scepticism, which doubts of the...
Available

Shaftesbury, Hutcheson and Moral Scepticisms

Kail, Peter J. E.

Pages: 95 –107

[In this paper I discuss Shaftesbury’s moral sense theory in the context of his response to Locke’s philosophy and, in turn, Hutcheson’s adoption of Shaftesbury. After offering with some general background, I first look at the different senses of ‘scepticism’ at play in Shaftesbury’s work. I then...
Available

Hume and Bayle on Localization and Perception: A New Source for Hume’s Treatise 1.4.5

Paganini, Gianni

Pages: 109 –124

[Next to the five major areas listed by Norman Kemp Smith in which Bayle had exercised greater influence on Hume’s work, we shall add here a new Baylean source. It is not only the second part of section V (“Of the immateriality of the soul”) of Treatise I, IV that depends on Bayle (for the...
Available

Hume’s Reply to Baylean Scepticism

Ryan, Todd

Pages: 125 –138

[Commentators have long been aware of the pervasive influence of Pierre Bayle on Hume’s philosophical thought. In this paper I examine one facet of that influence: Hume’s somewhat surprising rejection of the sceptical methodology employed by Bayle throughout the Historical and Critical Dictionary...
Available

Can We Know Whether Scepticism Is Right or Wrong? Reid’s Criticism and Hume’s Answer

Etchegaray, Claire

Pages: 139 –154

[In this article, our aim is to evaluate the relevance of Reid’s critique of scepticism and the defence of Hume’s arguments. As it was often noted, arguing that natural beliefs are not suppressed by philosophical distrust is not sufficient to refute scepticism. Conversely it is not enough to...

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