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China’s Foreign Trade

Part of the Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path Book Series

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5703-1

ISBN: 978-981-19-5702-4

Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore - Springer Journals

Oct 23, 2022

1 - 10 of 10 Chapters

Available

A Centralized Management System, 1949–1952

Pei, Changhong; Wang, Wanshan

Pages: 1 –25

[After the First Opium War, China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity were seriously damaged. The country also lost its independence in foreign trade, which became completely dependent on the colonial empires, and therefore a kind of foreign trade characteristic of a semi-colony.]
Available

From Centralized Control to Central Planning, 1953–1966

Pei, Changhong; Wang, Wanshan

Pages: 27 –44

[After the post-war economic recovery from 1949 to 1952, the Chinese economy began a phase of improvement in all aspects. From 1953 to 1966, China’s national economy was on a path of twists and turns. This period could be subdivided into tepid growth, setbacks and adjustments.]
Available

A Growing Number of Trading Partners, 1966–1976

Pei, Changhong; Wang, Wanshan

Pages: 45 –62

[The “Cultural Revolution” took place during this period. Despite serious setbacks, the Chinese economy did not come to a halt, and managed to make some headway. Compared with 1966, in 1976, the value of the gross output of industry and agriculture increased by 79 percent with an average annual...
Available

Loosening Control and Diversifying Trade Models, 1976–1978

Pei, Changhong; Wang, Wanshan

Pages: 63 –83

[From 1976 to 1978, China was at an important historical turning point—the gestation and startup of China’s opening-up. Domestically, the collapse of the “Gang of Four” and the end of the “Cultural Revolution” made the people of the country inspiring and united, and they were eager to achieve the...
Available

Initial Steps in Institutional Reform, 1979–1984

Pei, Changhong; Wang, Wanshan

Pages: 85 –108

[From December 18th to 22nd, 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China established the reform and opening-up as a long-term basic state policy. This was the correct choice of the Chinese government and people for the developmental path 29 years...
Available

The Foreign Trade Contract Responsibility System, 1984–1989

Pei, Changhong; Wang, Wanshan

Pages: 109 –131

[From 1984 to 1989, China faced profound changes in the international political and economic conditions. Western countries used various incentives, such as loans, trade, science and technology and ideological infiltration, to encourage Eastern European countries to lean towards the West and to...
Available

Toward a Market-Driven Foreign Trade System, 1989–1992

Pei, Changhong; Wang, Wanshan

Pages: 133 –147

[In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the international situation changed dramatically. With the end of the Cold War, countries all over the world turned their attention from political confrontation to economic and trade competition. Developed countries successively completed their industrial...
Available

Accelerated Market Reform and Final Push Toward WTO Membership, 1992–2001

Pei, Changhong; Wang, Wanshan

Pages: 149 –165

[After 1989, China established the unshakable national policy of reform and opening-up and the reform goal of constructing a socialist market economy, it further strengthened its ties with the world and vigorously developed foreign trade. In 1992, Deng Xiaoping’s speech in southern China inspired...
Available

Trade Under the WTO, 2001–2008

Pei, Changhong; Wang, Wanshan

Pages: 167 –185

[A milestone in the development of China’s foreign trade was the accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO).]
Available

Increasing Frictions and Adaptation, 2009–2019

Pei, Changhong; Wang, Wanshan

Pages: 187 –218

[From 2009 to 2019, the world economy entered a period of recession, recovery and increasing frictions. In 2008, the US was hit by the subprime mortgage crisis. It had a Domino effect, first in the banking industry and the capital market of the U.S., followed by major “stock market crashes” in...

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