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Diet, Hormones, and Cancer

Diet, Hormones, and Cancer Despite some continuing controversy, there is mounting evidence that diet can influence the risk of two sex hormone-related cancers, those of breast and endometrium, and that this relationship may also extend to carcinomas of the ovary and prostate. Although the biological mechanisms are under continuing investigation, it is clear that both dietary fat and fiber affect the circulating levels and metabolic fate of the estrogens in women and that similar effects probably apply to the androgenic steroids in men. Moreover, obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer, as well as for carcinoma of the endometrium, and most likely operates through the modification of estrogen synthesis and metabolism. In this review, we focus on diet-estrogen interactions and breast and endometrial cancer risk. In doing so, however, we should recognize that many constituents of the diet, both macro- and micronutrients, most likely interact in enhancing or suppressing the carcinogenic process. THE SEX STEROID HORMONES There are two sources of blood estrogens. Before menopause, these steroids are largely produced and secreted by the ovary. After menopause, however, they are derived almost exclusively from the aromatization of androstenedi- one, a C 19 steroid that is secreted by both the adrenal http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Annual Review of Public Health Annual Reviews

Diet, Hormones, and Cancer

Rose, David P.
Annual Review of Public Health , Volume 14 (1) – May 1, 1993
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Publisher
Annual Reviews
Copyright
Copyright 1993 Annual Reviews. All rights reserved
Subject
Review Articles
ISSN
0163-7525
eISSN
1545-2093
DOI
10.1146/annurev.pu.14.050193.000245
pmid
8391818
Publisher site
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Abstract

Despite some continuing controversy, there is mounting evidence that diet can influence the risk of two sex hormone-related cancers, those of breast and endometrium, and that this relationship may also extend to carcinomas of the ovary and prostate. Although the biological mechanisms are under continuing investigation, it is clear that both dietary fat and fiber affect the circulating levels and metabolic fate of the estrogens in women and that similar effects probably apply to the androgenic steroids in men. Moreover, obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer, as well as for carcinoma of the endometrium, and most likely operates through the modification of estrogen synthesis and metabolism. In this review, we focus on diet-estrogen interactions and breast and endometrial cancer risk. In doing so, however, we should recognize that many constituents of the diet, both macro- and micronutrients, most likely interact in enhancing or suppressing the carcinogenic process. THE SEX STEROID HORMONES There are two sources of blood estrogens. Before menopause, these steroids are largely produced and secreted by the ovary. After menopause, however, they are derived almost exclusively from the aromatization of androstenedi- one, a C 19 steroid that is secreted by both the adrenal

Journal

Annual Review of Public Health – Annual Reviews

Published: May 1, 1993

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