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Immunologic Release of Chemical Mediators from Human Tissues

Immunologic Release of Chemical Mediators from Human Tissues of specific antigen into the skin of an appropriately sensitive individual produces an immediate allergic reaction characterized by wheal and flare formation may now be viewed in more physiologic terms. The interaction of antigen with IgE immunoglobulins specifically bound to the cell surface receptors of mast cells initiates a series of biochemical reactions within these cells resulting in the secretion of a variety of biologically active chemi­ cal mediators which in turn increase vascular permeability, contract smooth muscle, and selectively attract eosinophils (Figure 1). This review focuses on the pharmacologic modulation of this immunologic reac­ tion as well as the biochemical events comprising the activation and secretory phases. The data to be considered have been derived from an in vitro model of human immediate hypersensitivity employing human lung tissue and from related studies in analogous systems employing human peripheral leukocytes or nasal polyp fragments. With the exception of certain critical experiments with isolated purified rat mast cells, the reader is referred elsewhere for reviews concentrating on investi­ gations in laboratory animals (1) and other tissues (2). COMPONENTS OF IMMEDIATE HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS In 1941 Katz & Cohen demonstrated that peripheral leukocytes from allergic indi­ viduals would release the chemical http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology Annual Reviews

Immunologic Release of Chemical Mediators from Human Tissues

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Publisher
Annual Reviews
Copyright
Copyright 1975 Annual Reviews. All rights reserved
Subject
Review Articles
ISSN
0362-1642
eISSN
1545-4304
DOI
10.1146/annurev.pa.15.040175.001141
pmid
50047
Publisher site
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Abstract

of specific antigen into the skin of an appropriately sensitive individual produces an immediate allergic reaction characterized by wheal and flare formation may now be viewed in more physiologic terms. The interaction of antigen with IgE immunoglobulins specifically bound to the cell surface receptors of mast cells initiates a series of biochemical reactions within these cells resulting in the secretion of a variety of biologically active chemi­ cal mediators which in turn increase vascular permeability, contract smooth muscle, and selectively attract eosinophils (Figure 1). This review focuses on the pharmacologic modulation of this immunologic reac­ tion as well as the biochemical events comprising the activation and secretory phases. The data to be considered have been derived from an in vitro model of human immediate hypersensitivity employing human lung tissue and from related studies in analogous systems employing human peripheral leukocytes or nasal polyp fragments. With the exception of certain critical experiments with isolated purified rat mast cells, the reader is referred elsewhere for reviews concentrating on investi­ gations in laboratory animals (1) and other tissues (2). COMPONENTS OF IMMEDIATE HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS In 1941 Katz & Cohen demonstrated that peripheral leukocytes from allergic indi­ viduals would release the chemical

Journal

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology – Annual Reviews

Published: Apr 1, 1975

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