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This paper covers three topics. The first part reviews the history and evolution of public policy toward municipal solid waste (MSW). The second sets forth the basic facts about MSW in the US-its amount and composition and the special characteristics of its discrete components . The third section analyzes the options for dealing with MSW and critiques current policy trends. THE EVOLUTION OF POLICY ON MUNICIPAL SOLID W ASTE1 The history of MSW goes back to about 10,000 BC, when formerly nomadic hunter-gatherers, abandoning a life-style in which people simply left their wastes, adopted sedentary habits . As cities grew, MSW, combined with the even more serious problem of sewage disposal, became a problem. Some cities made progress. Trash bins and rubbish chutes were used in the Indus Valley as early as 2500 BC. Athens had the first municipal dumps in about 500 Be. Both China and the cities of Islam developed sanitation systems. Ancient Rome had extensive, but only partially successful, regulations that created both public and private responsibilities for cleanup efforts. On the whole, however, these efforts were exceptions. In ancient times, in the medieval city, and on into the nineteenth century, trash and garbage were
Annual Review of Public Health – Annual Reviews
Published: May 1, 1993
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