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Xenotransplantation

Xenotransplantation Transplantation of organs across a species barrier has long been a dream of the transplantation community. Renewed interest in xenotransplantation has emerged due to the short supply of organs available for clinical transplantation. However, transplantation of solid organs across a species barrier has not matched the suc­ cess of allogeneic combinations, even for closely related species. The rejection response to xenografts is vigorous and not adequately controlled by conven­ tional immunosuppressive agents that control alloreactivity. This may suggest a different mechanism for xenoreactivity, or stronger histocompatibility antigen disparities. This article reviews the current clinical experience with xenografts, mechanisms of xenoreactivity, the induction of tolerance across species dispari­ ties, and recent models in which human tissue has been transplanted into other species as an in vivo model of the human immune system. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY Many of the major advances in clinical medicine over the past 25 years have been in the field of transplantation. The tremendous growth in this field would not have been possible without basic research to elucidate the mechanism for allore­ activity, permitting development of focused strategies to control the rejection response. The very success of clinical transplantation has produced an entirely new problem, the http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Annual Review of Immunology Annual Reviews

Xenotransplantation

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Publisher
Annual Reviews
Copyright
Copyright 1995 Annual Reviews. All rights reserved
Subject
Review Articles
ISSN
0732-0582
eISSN
1545-3278
DOI
10.1146/annurev.iy.13.040195.002011
pmid
7612227
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Transplantation of organs across a species barrier has long been a dream of the transplantation community. Renewed interest in xenotransplantation has emerged due to the short supply of organs available for clinical transplantation. However, transplantation of solid organs across a species barrier has not matched the suc­ cess of allogeneic combinations, even for closely related species. The rejection response to xenografts is vigorous and not adequately controlled by conven­ tional immunosuppressive agents that control alloreactivity. This may suggest a different mechanism for xenoreactivity, or stronger histocompatibility antigen disparities. This article reviews the current clinical experience with xenografts, mechanisms of xenoreactivity, the induction of tolerance across species dispari­ ties, and recent models in which human tissue has been transplanted into other species as an in vivo model of the human immune system. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY Many of the major advances in clinical medicine over the past 25 years have been in the field of transplantation. The tremendous growth in this field would not have been possible without basic research to elucidate the mechanism for allore­ activity, permitting development of focused strategies to control the rejection response. The very success of clinical transplantation has produced an entirely new problem, the

Journal

Annual Review of Immunology – Annual Reviews

Published: Apr 1, 1995

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