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Embedding Distortion Analysis in Wavelet-domain Watermarking

Embedding Distortion Analysis in Wavelet-domain Watermarking Imperceptibility and robustness are two complementary fundamental requirements of any watermarking algorithm. Low-strength watermarking yields high imperceptibility, but exhibits poor robustness. High-strength watermarking schemes achieve good robustness but often infuse distortions resulting in poor visual quality in host images. This article analyses the embedding distortion for wavelet-based watermarking schemes. We derive the relationship between distortion, measured in mean square error (MSE), and the watermark embedding modification and propose the linear proportionality between MSE and the sum of energy of the selected wavelet coefficients for watermark embedding modification. The initial proposition assumes the orthonormality of discrete wavelet transform. It is further extended for non-orthonormal wavelet kernels using a weighting parameter that follows the energy conservation theorems in wavelet frames. The proposed analysis is verified by experimental results for both non-blind and blind watermarking schemes. Such a model is useful to find the optimum input parameters, including the wavelet kernel, coefficient selection, and subband choices for wavelet domain image watermarking. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications (TOMCCAP) Association for Computing Machinery

Embedding Distortion Analysis in Wavelet-domain Watermarking

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Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery
Copyright
Copyright © 2019 ACM
ISSN
1551-6857
eISSN
1551-6865
DOI
10.1145/3357333
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Imperceptibility and robustness are two complementary fundamental requirements of any watermarking algorithm. Low-strength watermarking yields high imperceptibility, but exhibits poor robustness. High-strength watermarking schemes achieve good robustness but often infuse distortions resulting in poor visual quality in host images. This article analyses the embedding distortion for wavelet-based watermarking schemes. We derive the relationship between distortion, measured in mean square error (MSE), and the watermark embedding modification and propose the linear proportionality between MSE and the sum of energy of the selected wavelet coefficients for watermark embedding modification. The initial proposition assumes the orthonormality of discrete wavelet transform. It is further extended for non-orthonormal wavelet kernels using a weighting parameter that follows the energy conservation theorems in wavelet frames. The proposed analysis is verified by experimental results for both non-blind and blind watermarking schemes. Such a model is useful to find the optimum input parameters, including the wavelet kernel, coefficient selection, and subband choices for wavelet domain image watermarking.

Journal

ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications (TOMCCAP) – Association for Computing Machinery

Published: Dec 16, 2019

Keywords: MSE

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