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sThat identities were fluid under Habsburg rule has been underscored by much research in recent decades. The choices available to inhabitants of the Crownland of Galicia have been less extensively covered than for other parts of Cisleithania, the assumption being that Poles and Ruthenians differed by not only language but also religion. Roman Catholics were seemingly destined to become Poles, Greek Catholics to become Ukrainians. The present book by Adam Świątek reminds us how that outcome was far from certain. For much of the long nineteenth century, it was not determinism but rather fluidity and flux that were the rule. Ideas of who constituted the Polish nation were evolving, and the national loyalties of the Ruthenians—the precursors to modern-day Ukrainians—were also far from set in stone.sThe book under review deals with the phenomenon of Greek Catholics of Ruthenian provenance who considered themselves to be part of a larger Polish nation. These individuals with a two-tiered identity were the titular gente Rutheni, natione Poloni, the Latin phrase declaring they were of Ruthenian stock, yet of the Polish nation. It is altogether fitting that this book, a translation from the Polish, reaches an English-language audience thanks to a joint venture between
Austrian History Yearbook – Cambridge University Press
Published: May 1, 2021
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