Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

Between Utopia and Jim Crow: The Highlander Folk School, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Racial Borders of the Summer Camp, 1956–1961

Between Utopia and Jim Crow: The Highlander Folk School, the Civil Rights Movement, and the... Between Utopia and Jim Crow: e H Th ighlander Folk School, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Racial Borders of the Summer Camp, 1956–1961 Nico Slate On August 15, 1960, three African American teenagers—Fred, Ruby, and Patricia Shuttlesworth—sat down at the back of a crowded bus in Chattanooga, Tennessee. It was a sweltering summer day, and the three siblings were tired, having just completed an eight-week summer camp. But when an elderly African American couple boarded the bus, fourteen-year-old Ruby and thirteen-year-old Fred gave up their seats and went to stand toward the front. The driver told them to go back. They explained that it was stifling at the rear of the bus, but the driver ignored their explanation and again ordered them to go back. They refused, and the bus kept speeding onward. In Gadsden, a small city in northern Alabama, a contingent of policemen entered the bus and commanded the Shuttlesworths to move. e e Th ldest, seventeen-year-old Patricia, asked why. In re - sponse, an oc ffi er grabbed Fred by the collar and yelled that all three siblings were under arrest. The Shuttlesworth children knew the danger of opposing white supremacy. In 1956 their father, http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Journal of American History Oxford University Press

Between Utopia and Jim Crow: The Highlander Folk School, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Racial Borders of the Summer Camp, 1956–1961

Slate, Nico
Journal of American History , Volume 109 (3): 25 – Dec 1, 2022
Download PDF
25 pages

Loading next page...
 
/lp/oxford-university-press/between-utopia-and-jim-crow-the-highlander-folk-school-the-civil-DEaMnOMVmI
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Copyright
© The Author 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Organization of American Historians. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
ISSN
0021-8723
eISSN
1945-2314
DOI
10.1093/jahist/jaac345
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Between Utopia and Jim Crow: e H Th ighlander Folk School, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Racial Borders of the Summer Camp, 1956–1961 Nico Slate On August 15, 1960, three African American teenagers—Fred, Ruby, and Patricia Shuttlesworth—sat down at the back of a crowded bus in Chattanooga, Tennessee. It was a sweltering summer day, and the three siblings were tired, having just completed an eight-week summer camp. But when an elderly African American couple boarded the bus, fourteen-year-old Ruby and thirteen-year-old Fred gave up their seats and went to stand toward the front. The driver told them to go back. They explained that it was stifling at the rear of the bus, but the driver ignored their explanation and again ordered them to go back. They refused, and the bus kept speeding onward. In Gadsden, a small city in northern Alabama, a contingent of policemen entered the bus and commanded the Shuttlesworths to move. e e Th ldest, seventeen-year-old Patricia, asked why. In re - sponse, an oc ffi er grabbed Fred by the collar and yelled that all three siblings were under arrest. The Shuttlesworth children knew the danger of opposing white supremacy. In 1956 their father,

Journal

Journal of American History – Oxford University Press

Published: Dec 1, 2022

There are no references for this article.