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[This chapter focuses on the target of football crowd regulation and policing: the football fan. We detail how fandom has developed, challenge the idea of an overarching ‘fan culture’, and highlight the importance to football policing operations of understanding the interpretations, understandings, and behavioural norms of ‘carnival fans’. We place the development of ‘football intelligence’ into the context of wider contemporary concerns over risk and control, focusing, in particular, on the categorisation of fans into ‘risk’ and ‘non risk’ categories. We critique the definition of the ‘risk fan’, highlighting the harms this categorisation can have for public order and also individual rights and liberties. We conclude that while risk categorisations have been changed and refined over time, the focus on dispositional risk rather than contextual risk is still misplaced. We conclude with an assessment of the extent to which police operations engage in dialogue with fan groups, arguing that these relationships are underused and can provide a valuable resource for effective and proportionate event planning.]
Published: Dec 13, 2022
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