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[[§1]The Islamic metaphysical philosophy, divides existence into existence par excellence (nafsī) and existence (ghayr-i nafsī), with their exclusive and logical divisions. Then the existence is interpreted as copulative existence (wujūd-i rābiṭī) and copulate (rābiṭ). For each case, rules and properties are enumerated by giving examples and providing evidence so that researchers of philosophy do not fall into the trap of fallacies in letter or spirit. Therefore, whenever they come across the term existence, they should not assume that the term, as used in one meaning, should only be association to one of these categories and therefore there is no plurality in types or plurality in ambiguity degrees (marātib-i tashkīkī).]
Published: Nov 17, 2022
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