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[This chapter presents the common winemaking processes from grape growing through bottle storage and therefore can be skipped by experienced winemakers. We describe viticulture and winemaking in nine well-understood steps. Grape growing is step one in which we review soil characteristics, climate, trellis design, fertilizer use, pest control, and canopy management. Step 2, the harvest is optimized with early planning, frequent vineyard inspections, grape testing, and tasting. Step 3, the crush begins with a grape pre-sort followed by a gentle crush to break the skins. In step 4, fermentation select a style-appropriate yeast, provide nutrients, control temperature, monitor time, and monitor sugar for optimal fermentation. Press in step 5 for maximum juice. Barrel or tank age for preferred style in step 6. In step 7, clarify with membrane filters. Bottle in step 8 with clean and sanitized equipment and bottles. Store in step 9 in temperature and humidity-controlled environments. From start to finish, frequently and thoroughly inspect color, smell aromas, and taste flavors and mouthfeel. Periodically test wine chemistry for concentrations of sugar, acids, pH, and VA. This basic winemaking process provides a foundation for quality winemaking and a vocabulary to discuss our systematic methods to solving winemaking problems.]
Published: Jul 31, 2020
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