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A Rosicrucian Utopia in Eighteenth-Century RussiaUtopia and Reform in Moscow: N. I. Novikov’s Circle

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A Rosicrucian Utopia in Eighteenth-Century RussiaUtopia and Reform in Moscow: N. I. Novikov’s Circle

Part of the International Archives of the History of Ideas Book Series (volume 190)
Springer Journals — Jan 1, 2005

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/lp/springer-journals/a-rosicrucian-utopia-in-eighteenth-century-russia-utopia-and-reform-in-YDo1hmMdft
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Copyright
© Springer 2005
ISBN
978-1-4020-3486-2
Pages
45 –112
DOI
10.1007/1-4020-3487-3_3
Publisher site
See Chapter on Publisher Site

Abstract

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Published: Jan 1, 2005

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