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A Treatise on Corrosion Science, Engineering and TechnologyMaterial Degradation and Ageing Management of Heavy Water Plants

A Treatise on Corrosion Science, Engineering and Technology: Material Degradation and Ageing... [The primary mandate of Heavy Water Board (HWB), Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Government of India is to produce heavy water for all operating and planned pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs) in the country. Heavy Water Programme in India was started way back in 1960s with setting up the first heavy water production plant at Nangal (Punjab) based on electrolysis of water. In late 1970s, new technologies based on H2S–H2O exchange process and NH3-H2 exchange process were indigenously developed for large-scale production of heavy water. Commercial plants based on both the technologies were set up in a phased manner. Currently, the oldest HWP based on H2S–H2O exchange process has been operating satisfactorily for more than 35 years with sustained production of heavy water. The paper deliberates the various processes of heavy water production in India, the major material of constructions and its degradation mechanisms. The concept of ageing management implemented at HWPs also has been discussed in brief. The protective film formation in HWPs carried out during the commissioning stage has performed extremely well and is considered as one of the prime reasons for lower corrosion rates observed in otherwise highly corrosive H2S media and successful operation of sulphide-based plants for such a long life. In ammonia-based HWPs, the process fluid is non-corrosive, but some of the components (cracker unit) operates at very high temperature and pressure. The main degradation mechanism for such components is observed to be precipitation hardening. HWB has developed a procedure for salvaging some of these high-valued cracker components after completion of their intended design life and their life is extended for second cycle of service. The paper discusses our experience in salvaging of cracker components also.] http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png

A Treatise on Corrosion Science, Engineering and TechnologyMaterial Degradation and Ageing Management of Heavy Water Plants

Part of the Indian Institute of Metals Series Book Series
Editors: Kamachi Mudali, U.; Subba Rao, Toleti; Ningshen, S.; G. Pillai, Radhakrishna; P. George, Rani; Sridhar, T. M.
Kumar, Niraj; Kamachi Mudali, U.
Springer Journals — May 5, 2022
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17 pages

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Publisher
Springer Nature Singapore
Copyright
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022
ISBN
978-981-16-9301-4
Pages
125 –142
DOI
10.1007/978-981-16-9302-1_8
Publisher site
See Chapter on Publisher Site

Abstract

[The primary mandate of Heavy Water Board (HWB), Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Government of India is to produce heavy water for all operating and planned pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs) in the country. Heavy Water Programme in India was started way back in 1960s with setting up the first heavy water production plant at Nangal (Punjab) based on electrolysis of water. In late 1970s, new technologies based on H2S–H2O exchange process and NH3-H2 exchange process were indigenously developed for large-scale production of heavy water. Commercial plants based on both the technologies were set up in a phased manner. Currently, the oldest HWP based on H2S–H2O exchange process has been operating satisfactorily for more than 35 years with sustained production of heavy water. The paper deliberates the various processes of heavy water production in India, the major material of constructions and its degradation mechanisms. The concept of ageing management implemented at HWPs also has been discussed in brief. The protective film formation in HWPs carried out during the commissioning stage has performed extremely well and is considered as one of the prime reasons for lower corrosion rates observed in otherwise highly corrosive H2S media and successful operation of sulphide-based plants for such a long life. In ammonia-based HWPs, the process fluid is non-corrosive, but some of the components (cracker unit) operates at very high temperature and pressure. The main degradation mechanism for such components is observed to be precipitation hardening. HWB has developed a procedure for salvaging some of these high-valued cracker components after completion of their intended design life and their life is extended for second cycle of service. The paper discusses our experience in salvaging of cracker components also.]

Published: May 5, 2022

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