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Arachidonic Acid Synthesis in Mortierella alpina: Origin, Evolution and Advancements

Arachidonic Acid Synthesis in Mortierella alpina: Origin, Evolution and Advancements Mortierella alpina is a saprophytic, oleaginous soil fungus distributed worldwide. It is used extensively to produce omega fatty acids under different fermentation conditions. This psychrophilic filamentous fungus is currently considered as the most promising oleaginous microorganism for industrial production of arachidonic acid. The efficiency to synthesize arachidonic acid owes to its unique genetic organization encoding various fatty acid synthase enzymes. The enzymes involved in arachidonic acid synthesis has been characterized well both at the molecular and biochemical level. The characterization was accomplished by molecular techniques like gene cloning, generation of heterologous/homologous transformants and expression analysis. Currently the industrial production of arachidonic acid is accomplished by submerged fermentation and the solid substrate bioprocess approach is still in its infancy. Further advances in this fungal research have brought out various prominent arachidonic acid producing strains as IS-4 and ATCC 32222. With genome projects in two strains already being accomplished and the lipogenesis pathways predicted, further developments and innovations are expected. The growing interest in the inclusion of specially the lipids including arachidonic acid in the routine diet is demanding expansion of its commercial production. The demand is attributed to the active involvement of arachidonic acid in various physiological systems including brain and cardiovascular system. Considering the above scenario a review on the overall developments in isolation, identification, molecular characterization, biotechnological developments and their future prospects are discussed herewith. The review also details the various niche areas in the current research trends which needs immediate attention. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences Springer Journals

Arachidonic Acid Synthesis in Mortierella alpina: Origin, Evolution and Advancements

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References (105)

Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © 2016 by The National Academy of Sciences, India
Subject
Life Sciences; Life Sciences, general; Behavioral Sciences; Plant Biochemistry; Nucleic Acid Chemistry
ISSN
0369-8211
eISSN
2250-1746
DOI
10.1007/s40011-016-0714-2
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Mortierella alpina is a saprophytic, oleaginous soil fungus distributed worldwide. It is used extensively to produce omega fatty acids under different fermentation conditions. This psychrophilic filamentous fungus is currently considered as the most promising oleaginous microorganism for industrial production of arachidonic acid. The efficiency to synthesize arachidonic acid owes to its unique genetic organization encoding various fatty acid synthase enzymes. The enzymes involved in arachidonic acid synthesis has been characterized well both at the molecular and biochemical level. The characterization was accomplished by molecular techniques like gene cloning, generation of heterologous/homologous transformants and expression analysis. Currently the industrial production of arachidonic acid is accomplished by submerged fermentation and the solid substrate bioprocess approach is still in its infancy. Further advances in this fungal research have brought out various prominent arachidonic acid producing strains as IS-4 and ATCC 32222. With genome projects in two strains already being accomplished and the lipogenesis pathways predicted, further developments and innovations are expected. The growing interest in the inclusion of specially the lipids including arachidonic acid in the routine diet is demanding expansion of its commercial production. The demand is attributed to the active involvement of arachidonic acid in various physiological systems including brain and cardiovascular system. Considering the above scenario a review on the overall developments in isolation, identification, molecular characterization, biotechnological developments and their future prospects are discussed herewith. The review also details the various niche areas in the current research trends which needs immediate attention.

Journal

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological SciencesSpringer Journals

Published: Feb 26, 2016

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