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Crowd Dynamics, Volume 1Pedestrian Movement in Smoke: Theory, Data and Modelling Approaches

Crowd Dynamics, Volume 1: Pedestrian Movement in Smoke: Theory, Data and Modelling Approaches [The understanding of pedestrian movement in smoke-filled environments is of significant importance in fire safety engineering applications. This chapter presents an overview of the main concepts concerning pedestrian movement in smoke, with a particular emphasis on the adverse effects that it can have on pedestrian evacuation. Several factors are discussed, including fire, pedestrian and environmental factors. Factors associated with the presence of fire relate to the impact of reduced visibility conditions, the presence of asphyxiant/irritant gases and cognitive and emotional influences are also explored. Pedestrian factors include walking speed and pedestrian movement abilities, visual acuity and physical exertion. Environmental factors include geometric complexity, the interaction with way-finding and signage systems, inclination of floor/ground or inclines (similar to stairs), stairs and surface materials. An overview of the current capabilities of pedestrian and evacuation models used in fire safety engineering applications is also presented along with recommendations for future areas of research in the domain of pedestrian movement in smoke.] http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png

Crowd Dynamics, Volume 1Pedestrian Movement in Smoke: Theory, Data and Modelling Approaches

Part of the Modeling and Simulation in Science, Engineering and Technology Book Series
Editors: Gibelli, Livio; Bellomo, Nicola
Ronchi, Enrico; Nilsson, Daniel
Crowd Dynamics, Volume 1 — Jan 23, 2019
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25 pages

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Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Copyright
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018
ISBN
978-3-030-05128-0
Pages
37 –62
DOI
10.1007/978-3-030-05129-7_3
Publisher site
See Chapter on Publisher Site

Abstract

[The understanding of pedestrian movement in smoke-filled environments is of significant importance in fire safety engineering applications. This chapter presents an overview of the main concepts concerning pedestrian movement in smoke, with a particular emphasis on the adverse effects that it can have on pedestrian evacuation. Several factors are discussed, including fire, pedestrian and environmental factors. Factors associated with the presence of fire relate to the impact of reduced visibility conditions, the presence of asphyxiant/irritant gases and cognitive and emotional influences are also explored. Pedestrian factors include walking speed and pedestrian movement abilities, visual acuity and physical exertion. Environmental factors include geometric complexity, the interaction with way-finding and signage systems, inclination of floor/ground or inclines (similar to stairs), stairs and surface materials. An overview of the current capabilities of pedestrian and evacuation models used in fire safety engineering applications is also presented along with recommendations for future areas of research in the domain of pedestrian movement in smoke.]

Published: Jan 23, 2019

Keywords: Pedestrian movement; Smoke; Visibility; Human behaviour; Way-finding; Fire safety

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