Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

Diagnosis of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Comparative Study Using CL Detect™ Dipstick, Direct Smear and Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods

Diagnosis of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Comparative Study Using CL Detect™ Dipstick, Direct... IntroductionIn most of the endemic areas, the detection of CL is based on searching for amastigotes using the direct smear method. Since expert microscopists are not usually available in every laboratory, false diagnoses are a disaster that happens. Therefore, the aim of current research is to evaluate the validity of the CL Detect™ Rapid Test (CDRT) for diagnosis CL in comparison to direct smear and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods.MethodsA total of 70 patients with skin lesions suspected to be CL were recruited. Skin samples from the lesions were collected and used for direct microscopic examination and the PCR method. Furthermore, the skin sample was collected in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions for the CDRT-based rapid diagnostic test.ResultsOf 70 samples, 51 and 35 samples were positive by direct smear examination and the CDRT, respectively. The PCR showed positive results in 59 samples; 50 and 9 samples were identified as Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated to be 68.6% (95% CI 54.11–80.89%) and 100% (95% CI 82.35–100%). When the results of CDRT were compared to the microscopic examinations, an agreement of 77.14% was seen between the CDRT and microscopic examination. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity were 59.32% (95% CI 45.75–71.93%) and 100% (95% CI 71.5–100%) when the CDRT was compared to PCR assay (as gold standard) and an agreement (65.71%) was found between CDRT and PCR assay.ConclusionAs the CDRT is simple, rapid, and does not require great proficiency, it is recommended for use in the detection of CL caused by L. major or L. tropica as a diagnostic method, especially in areas with limited access to expert microscopists. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Acta Parasitologica Springer Journals

Diagnosis of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Comparative Study Using CL Detect™ Dipstick, Direct Smear and Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods

Download PDF
6 pages

Loading next page...
 
/lp/springer-journals/diagnosis-of-human-cutaneous-leishmaniasis-a-comparative-study-using-NBSRrA30nr
Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
ISSN
1230-2821
eISSN
1896-1851
DOI
10.1007/s11686-023-00662-5
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

IntroductionIn most of the endemic areas, the detection of CL is based on searching for amastigotes using the direct smear method. Since expert microscopists are not usually available in every laboratory, false diagnoses are a disaster that happens. Therefore, the aim of current research is to evaluate the validity of the CL Detect™ Rapid Test (CDRT) for diagnosis CL in comparison to direct smear and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods.MethodsA total of 70 patients with skin lesions suspected to be CL were recruited. Skin samples from the lesions were collected and used for direct microscopic examination and the PCR method. Furthermore, the skin sample was collected in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions for the CDRT-based rapid diagnostic test.ResultsOf 70 samples, 51 and 35 samples were positive by direct smear examination and the CDRT, respectively. The PCR showed positive results in 59 samples; 50 and 9 samples were identified as Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated to be 68.6% (95% CI 54.11–80.89%) and 100% (95% CI 82.35–100%). When the results of CDRT were compared to the microscopic examinations, an agreement of 77.14% was seen between the CDRT and microscopic examination. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity were 59.32% (95% CI 45.75–71.93%) and 100% (95% CI 71.5–100%) when the CDRT was compared to PCR assay (as gold standard) and an agreement (65.71%) was found between CDRT and PCR assay.ConclusionAs the CDRT is simple, rapid, and does not require great proficiency, it is recommended for use in the detection of CL caused by L. major or L. tropica as a diagnostic method, especially in areas with limited access to expert microscopists.

Journal

Acta Parasitologica – Springer Journals

Published: Mar 13, 2023

Keywords: Cutaneous leishmaniasis; PCR assay; Rapid test; Strips; Direct smear

References

  • Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence
    Alvar, J; Velez, ID; Bern, C; Herrero, M; Desjeux, P; Cano, J
  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis
    Bailey, MS; Lockwood, DN
  • Visceral leishmaniasis in Iran: review of the epidemiological and clinical features
    Mohebali, M
  • Cutaneous and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum in endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis, northwestern Iran 2002–2011: a case series
    Badirzadeh, A; Mohebali, M; Ghasemian, M; Amini, H; Zarei, Z; Akhoundi, B
  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis: current and future management
    Hepburn, NC
  • Patterns of cutaneous leishmaniasis during the COVID-19 pandemic in four endemic regions of Iran
    Mazaherifar, S; Solhjoo, K; Rasti, S; Heidarnejadi, SM; Abdoli, A
  • Molecular identification and phylogenetic classification of Leishmania spp. isolated from human cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran: a cross-sectional study
    Mohammadiha, A; Dalimi, A; Mohebali, M; Sharifi, I; Mahmoudi, M; Mirzaei, A
  • Diagnostic efficacy of recombinase-polymerase-amplification coupled with lateral flow strip reading in patients with cutaneous Leishmaniasis from the Amazonas Rainforest of Perú
    Travi, BL; Delos Santos, MB; Shelite, TR; Santos, RP; Rosales, LA; Castellanos-Gonzalez, A
  • Current diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
    Goto, H; Lindoso, JAL
  • Press imprint smear: a rapid, simple, and cheap method for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis
    Sousa, AQ; Pompeu, MM; Frutuoso, MS; Lima, JW; Tinel, JM; Pearson, RD
  • Accuracy of a rapid diagnostic test based on antigen detection for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in patients with suggestive skin lesions in Morocco
    Bennis, I; Verdonck, K; El Khalfaoui, N; Riyad, M; Fellah, H; Dujardin, J-C
  • Evaluation of point-of-care tests for cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosis in Kabul, Afghanistan
    Vink, MM; Nahzat, SM; Rahimi, H; Buhler, C; Ahmadi, BA; Nader, M
  • Evaluation of the CL Detect Rapid Test in Ethiopian patients suspected for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
    van Henten, S; Fikre, H; Melkamu, R; Dessie, D; Mekonnen, T; Kassa, M
  • Leishmania mitochondrial peroxiredoxin plays a crucial peroxidase-unrelated role during infection: insight into its novel chaperone activity
    Castro, H; Teixeira, F; Romao, S; Santos, M; Cruz, T; Flórido, M
  • Diagnostic performance of a Recombinant Polymerase Amplification Test—Lateral Flow (RPA-LF) for cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic setting of Colombia
    Cossio, A; Jojoa, J; Castro, MdM; Castillo, RM; Osorio, L; Shelite, TR
  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis parasite identification via PCR in the infected areas in Golestan province
    Tohidi, F; Barghae, A
  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis in suspected patients referred to the center for research and training in skin diseases and leprosy, Tehran, Iran from 2008 to 2011
    Mohammadi, AMA; Khamesipour, A; Khatami, A; Javadi, A; Nassiri-Kashani, M; Firooz, A
  • Evaluation of rK39 rapid diagnostic tests for canine visceral leishmaniasis: longitudinal study and meta-analysis
    Quinnell, RJ; Carson, C; Reithinger, R; Garcez, LM; Courtenay, O
  • A meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of the direct agglutination test and rK39 dipstick for visceral leishmaniasis
    Chappuis, F; Rijal, S; Soto, A; Menten, J; Boelaert, M
  • Efficacy of a new rapid diagnostic test kit to diagnose Sri Lankan cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani
    De Silva, G; Somaratne, V; Senaratne, S; Vipuladasa, M; Wickremasinghe, R; Wickremasinghe, R
  • Evaluation of point of care tests for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Suriname
    Schallig, HD; Hu, RV; Kent, AD; van Loenen, M; Menting, S; Picado, A