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[This chapter reframes concepts of urbanisationUrbanurbanisation, sustainability and development. Focusing on Brazil, in which social space has not been entirely transformed into abstract space, it argues for a conceptualisation that moves beyond present urban-industrial society: the urban-natural, geared towards the urban-utopia. From this approach comes a window to reframe the word sustainability, based on the disalienation of people and the reconnection between human and natureNature. It also requires the visibility of the life spaces (urbanised) of invisible peoples engaged in multiple everyday activities not valued, or even seen, in capitalist societies. Those activities are related to old/previous knowledges connected to everyday life and social reproduction that depend on rooted uses of new technical and informational resources. From this point on, it should be possible to change the focus of development (de-involvement) from capital accumulation to the pursuing of happiness and social well-being, from exogenous to endogenous demands, implying people’s reconnection (or re-involvement) with their life space. It also implies replacing classical claims for equality with claims for theRight to the cityright to difference right to diversityDiversity, considering that diversity opens new possibilities for differencesDifference, rooted in human and non-human nature. In this context, extended (and planetary) urbanisation may truly spread citizenship beyond citiesCitycities and lead to the replacement of anthropocentrism by ecocentrism. Considering the complexity of contemporary society experiences, the suggested matching of extended urbanisation with extended naturalisationPlanetary urbanisationextended naturalisation might become a virtual version of the urban-utopia, where the urban merges in nature, to become concrete utopia, rather than disappear. ]
Published: Feb 28, 2018
Keywords: Urbanisation; Sustainability; Development; Extended naturalisation; Extended urbanisation
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