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Epidemiologic Studies in Cancer Prevention and ScreeningApplying Physical Activity in Cancer Prevention

Epidemiologic Studies in Cancer Prevention and Screening: Applying Physical Activity in Cancer... [Physical activity is a modifiable lifestyle risk factor associated with a decreased risk of several cancer sites. Sedentary behavior is emerging as a risk factor for cancer that should be considered independently from physical activity. We systematically reviewed the observational epidemiological literature on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and risk for colon, breast, endometrial, ovarian, lung, and prostate cancers. We present the hypothesized biologic mechanisms whereby physical activity and sedentary behavior may influence the risk of these cancers. Finally, we provide an overview of the public health implications for physical activity in cancer prevention. Strong and consistent evidence exists that physical activity reduces the risk of colon and breast cancers and possibly also of endometrial cancer. The evidence is weaker and less consistent for lung, prostate, and ovarian cancers and currently insufficient for all other cancer sites. There is some evidence that sedentary behavior increases the risk of colon, endometrial, and ovarian cancers and insufficient evidence for other cancer sites. The main biologic mechanisms that are likely operative between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and cancer risk are adiposity, endogenous sex hormones, inflammation, and insulin resistance. There is considerable public health benefit to be gained through increased physical activity and decreased sedentary behavior, but efforts to date have not met this potential. A coordinated approach at multiple jurisdictional levels is needed to achieve significant decreases in cancer incidence at a population level.] http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png

Epidemiologic Studies in Cancer Prevention and ScreeningApplying Physical Activity in Cancer Prevention

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Publisher
Springer New York
Copyright
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
ISBN
978-1-4614-5585-1
Pages
85 –107
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4614-5586-8_6
Publisher site
See Chapter on Publisher Site

Abstract

[Physical activity is a modifiable lifestyle risk factor associated with a decreased risk of several cancer sites. Sedentary behavior is emerging as a risk factor for cancer that should be considered independently from physical activity. We systematically reviewed the observational epidemiological literature on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and risk for colon, breast, endometrial, ovarian, lung, and prostate cancers. We present the hypothesized biologic mechanisms whereby physical activity and sedentary behavior may influence the risk of these cancers. Finally, we provide an overview of the public health implications for physical activity in cancer prevention. Strong and consistent evidence exists that physical activity reduces the risk of colon and breast cancers and possibly also of endometrial cancer. The evidence is weaker and less consistent for lung, prostate, and ovarian cancers and currently insufficient for all other cancer sites. There is some evidence that sedentary behavior increases the risk of colon, endometrial, and ovarian cancers and insufficient evidence for other cancer sites. The main biologic mechanisms that are likely operative between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and cancer risk are adiposity, endogenous sex hormones, inflammation, and insulin resistance. There is considerable public health benefit to be gained through increased physical activity and decreased sedentary behavior, but efforts to date have not met this potential. A coordinated approach at multiple jurisdictional levels is needed to achieve significant decreases in cancer incidence at a population level.]

Published: Oct 11, 2012

Keywords: Physical Activity; Cancer Risk; Endometrial Cancer; Sedentary Behavior; Physical Activity Level

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