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Going beyond the surface: heterogeneous effect of on-site water access for women

Going beyond the surface: heterogeneous effect of on-site water access for women This paper examines the effect of the public infrastructure investment on time allocation patterns, focusing on the heterogeneity within females based on their intra-household gender roles in the context of rural Pakistan. It analyzes the association between the public infrastructure investment (access to on-site drinking water) and the time allocation in labor market work (paid and subsistence), household and care work, as well as in learning, leisure, and self-maintenance using Pakistan Time Use Data 2007 with seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) approach. Full sample of females is divided into sub-samples by household type, nuclear and multi-generational households and intra-household gender roles are captured by relationship to the household head (spouse, daughter/grand-daughter, mother, daughter-in-law). The results indicate significant heterogeneity among females explained by their gender roles. Access to water, reallocates the time saved from unpaid work towards subsistence work and self-maintenance with negative effect on learning. While the access to water reduces the household work for a wife in a nuclear household and for the mother-in-law in a multigenerational household, there is no effect on the time spent in household or care work for the daughter-in-law. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Economia Politica Springer Journals

Going beyond the surface: heterogeneous effect of on-site water access for women

Malhi, Fareena Noor
Economia Politica , Volume 39 (2) – Jul 1, 2022
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References (38)

Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
ISSN
1120-2890
eISSN
1973-820X
DOI
10.1007/s40888-021-00252-6
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

This paper examines the effect of the public infrastructure investment on time allocation patterns, focusing on the heterogeneity within females based on their intra-household gender roles in the context of rural Pakistan. It analyzes the association between the public infrastructure investment (access to on-site drinking water) and the time allocation in labor market work (paid and subsistence), household and care work, as well as in learning, leisure, and self-maintenance using Pakistan Time Use Data 2007 with seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) approach. Full sample of females is divided into sub-samples by household type, nuclear and multi-generational households and intra-household gender roles are captured by relationship to the household head (spouse, daughter/grand-daughter, mother, daughter-in-law). The results indicate significant heterogeneity among females explained by their gender roles. Access to water, reallocates the time saved from unpaid work towards subsistence work and self-maintenance with negative effect on learning. While the access to water reduces the household work for a wife in a nuclear household and for the mother-in-law in a multigenerational household, there is no effect on the time spent in household or care work for the daughter-in-law.

Journal

Economia Politica – Springer Journals

Published: Jul 1, 2022

Keywords: Water access; Multi-generational households; Daughter-in-law; Mother-in-law; Household work; D13; J16; J22

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