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review Allergo J Int (2017) 26:129–136 DOI 10.1007/s40629-017-0026-y Insects and arachnids as elicitors of toxic and allergic reactions in Germany Randolf Brehler Received: 1 February 2017 / Accepted: 27 March 2017 / Published online: 23 May 2017 © Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH 2017 Abstract ical countries. Other insects rarely cause anaphylactic Background Bees and wasps are the main culprits reactions. In this part of the world, numerous other in terms of severe allergic reactions to insects in Ger- insects may be the cause of local sting reactions. many; venoms from both insects are available for spe- cific immunotherapy (SIT). Therefore, it is important Keywords Allergy · Insects · Insect stings · Insect bites · to differentiate reactions to venom from other ani- Oak processionary caterpillar · Paederus dermatitis mals. It is also necessary for the sake of targeted pre- Abbreviations vention to assign sting reactions of any kind to their α-Gal Galactose-α-1,3-galactose causal agents. DEET N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide Methods By searching Medline, it was possible to HIV Human immunodeficiency virus identify relevant elicitors of sting and bite reactions IgE Immunoglobulin E particularly in Germany and Europe. SIT Specific immunotherapy Results Not only Hymenoptera stings, but also bites TBE Tick-borne encephalitis and
Allergo Journal International – Springer Journals
Published: May 23, 2017
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