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Intensive Care for Emergency SurgeonsAcute Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in ACS Patient: What Are the Indications for Acute Intervention?

Intensive Care for Emergency Surgeons: Acute Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress... [An understanding of respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is paramount to the knowledge base of an emergency general surgeon as their trauma and surgical patients are at-risk populations. Respiratory failure and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) can be caused by a wide range of pre-existing and new onset disease conditions and manifest clinically as hypoxemia or hypercapnia. One of the most severe forms is ARDS, a complex syndrome of hypoxemic respiratory failure incited by a separate underlying disease, such as intraabdominal sepsis, aspiration, pneumonia, or trauma, all conditions frequently encountered by the surgeon. The hallmark findings are the acute development of non-cardiogenic bilateral pulmonary infiltrates with refractory hypoxemia. PPCs are the most common postoperative complication developed by surgical patients, with resulting increases to morbidity and mortality. Despite significant advances in the understanding and management of ARDS patients specifically, in-hospital mortality still exceeds 40% in most settings with survivors also at risk for long-term disability. Prompt recognition and initiation of appropriate treatment strategies can improve patient outcomes for all forms of respiratory failure. This chapter will provide a practical overview of the diagnosis, pathophysiology, risk factors, and interventions the surgeon should be familiar with to properly care for patients with respiratory failure and ARDS.] http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png

Intensive Care for Emergency SurgeonsAcute Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in ACS Patient: What Are the Indications for Acute Intervention?

Part of the Hot Topics in Acute Care Surgery and Trauma Book Series
Editors: Picetti, Edoardo; Pereira, Bruno M.; Razek, Tarek; Narayan, Mayur; Kashuk, Jeffry L.
Peschman, Jacob R.; de Moya, Marc
Intensive Care for Emergency Surgeons — May 30, 2019
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Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Copyright
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
ISBN
978-3-030-11829-7
Pages
23 –48
DOI
10.1007/978-3-030-11830-3_2
Publisher site
See Chapter on Publisher Site

Abstract

[An understanding of respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is paramount to the knowledge base of an emergency general surgeon as their trauma and surgical patients are at-risk populations. Respiratory failure and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) can be caused by a wide range of pre-existing and new onset disease conditions and manifest clinically as hypoxemia or hypercapnia. One of the most severe forms is ARDS, a complex syndrome of hypoxemic respiratory failure incited by a separate underlying disease, such as intraabdominal sepsis, aspiration, pneumonia, or trauma, all conditions frequently encountered by the surgeon. The hallmark findings are the acute development of non-cardiogenic bilateral pulmonary infiltrates with refractory hypoxemia. PPCs are the most common postoperative complication developed by surgical patients, with resulting increases to morbidity and mortality. Despite significant advances in the understanding and management of ARDS patients specifically, in-hospital mortality still exceeds 40% in most settings with survivors also at risk for long-term disability. Prompt recognition and initiation of appropriate treatment strategies can improve patient outcomes for all forms of respiratory failure. This chapter will provide a practical overview of the diagnosis, pathophysiology, risk factors, and interventions the surgeon should be familiar with to properly care for patients with respiratory failure and ARDS.]

Published: May 30, 2019

Keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); Acute respiratory failure (ARF); Adult respiratory distress syndrome; Acute lung injury (ALI); Hypoxemia; Hypercapnia; Lung protective ventilation; Mechanical ventilation; Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC); Prone positioning; Respiratory distress

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