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Marine Organic MicropollutantsIntroduction

Marine Organic Micropollutants: Introduction [Micropollutants, a group of lipophilic xenobiotic persistent organic pollutants (POPs), are semivolatile, bioaccumulative, toxic, and long-range environmental transport ability (Jones and de Voogt 1999). Organochlorines (OCs) such as Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides (such as HCHs and DDTs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent an important group of such hazardous substances that have caused worldwide concern as toxic environmental contaminants. In 2001, the Stockholm Convention on POPs acknowledged these as global problems. Although the occurrence of POPs at elevated levels is of great environmental concern at contaminated hot spots, the regional and global significance of the problem has received increased attention in the last decades (UNECE 1998; UNEP 2001). They have been reported to cause variety of effects including immunologic, teratogenic, carcinogenic, reproductive, and neurological problems in organisms (Kodavanti et al. 1998) and are of considerable concern to human and environmental health. In addition, some congeners have shown some effects on the endocrine system such as reducing serum concentrations of the thyroid hormones like thyroxine and triiodothyronine (Koopman-Esseboom et al. 1994). The lipophilic nature, hydrophobicity, and low chemical and biological degradation rates of these xenobiotics have led to their accumulation in biological tissues and a subsequent magnification of concentrations in organisms progressing up the food chain. Individual POPs have characteristic patterns of distribution depending on regional patterns of usage and their physicochemical properties. Considering the global distribution of POPs, it is important to understand their transport mechanism and to identify any “hot spots,” where regulatory and remediation efforts are required. To evaluate the effectiveness of the regulations and remediation, monitoring of POPs is essential to protect environmental health and the importance of global monitoring of POPs was emphasized at the Stockholm Convention (Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention).] http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png

Marine Organic MicropollutantsIntroduction

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Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Copyright
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016
ISBN
978-3-319-43300-4
Pages
1 –10
DOI
10.1007/978-3-319-43301-1_1
Publisher site
See Chapter on Publisher Site

Abstract

[Micropollutants, a group of lipophilic xenobiotic persistent organic pollutants (POPs), are semivolatile, bioaccumulative, toxic, and long-range environmental transport ability (Jones and de Voogt 1999). Organochlorines (OCs) such as Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides (such as HCHs and DDTs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent an important group of such hazardous substances that have caused worldwide concern as toxic environmental contaminants. In 2001, the Stockholm Convention on POPs acknowledged these as global problems. Although the occurrence of POPs at elevated levels is of great environmental concern at contaminated hot spots, the regional and global significance of the problem has received increased attention in the last decades (UNECE 1998; UNEP 2001). They have been reported to cause variety of effects including immunologic, teratogenic, carcinogenic, reproductive, and neurological problems in organisms (Kodavanti et al. 1998) and are of considerable concern to human and environmental health. In addition, some congeners have shown some effects on the endocrine system such as reducing serum concentrations of the thyroid hormones like thyroxine and triiodothyronine (Koopman-Esseboom et al. 1994). The lipophilic nature, hydrophobicity, and low chemical and biological degradation rates of these xenobiotics have led to their accumulation in biological tissues and a subsequent magnification of concentrations in organisms progressing up the food chain. Individual POPs have characteristic patterns of distribution depending on regional patterns of usage and their physicochemical properties. Considering the global distribution of POPs, it is important to understand their transport mechanism and to identify any “hot spots,” where regulatory and remediation efforts are required. To evaluate the effectiveness of the regulations and remediation, monitoring of POPs is essential to protect environmental health and the importance of global monitoring of POPs was emphasized at the Stockholm Convention (Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention).]

Published: Sep 15, 2016

Keywords: Organochlorine Pesticide; Coastal Sediment; Stockholm Convention; Semidiurnal Tide; Bengal Basin

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