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Modulating Tumor Immunology by Inhibiting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO): Recent Developments and First Clinical Experiences

Modulating Tumor Immunology by Inhibiting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO): Recent Developments... Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) catalyze the first rate-limiting step in the oxidative metabolism of compounds containing indole rings, including the transformation of the essential amino acid L-tryptophan to N-formyl-L-kynurenine. Through direct and indirect means, IDO exerts both tolerogenic and pro-inflammatory effects and has a profound immunoregulatory role in the tumor microenvironment. Although the role of IDO in mediating peripheral acquired immunologic tolerance has been known for some time, its role in tumorigenesis and the subversion of anti-tumor immunity have only recently been appreciated. Small-molecule inhibitors of IDO1 and TDO are being evaluated as single agents and in combination with immune checkpoint blockade in a host of advanced cancers. In this review, we delineate the tolerogenic and pro-inflammatory effects of IDO as it relates to immune escape and discuss current clinical progress in this area.[Figure not available: see fulltext.] http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Targeted Oncology Springer Journals

Modulating Tumor Immunology by Inhibiting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO): Recent Developments and First Clinical Experiences

Targeted Oncology , Volume 13 (2) – Jan 4, 2018

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References (155)

Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © 2018 by Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
Subject
Medicine & Public Health; Oncology; Biomedicine, general
ISSN
1776-2596
eISSN
1776-260X
DOI
10.1007/s11523-017-0547-9
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) catalyze the first rate-limiting step in the oxidative metabolism of compounds containing indole rings, including the transformation of the essential amino acid L-tryptophan to N-formyl-L-kynurenine. Through direct and indirect means, IDO exerts both tolerogenic and pro-inflammatory effects and has a profound immunoregulatory role in the tumor microenvironment. Although the role of IDO in mediating peripheral acquired immunologic tolerance has been known for some time, its role in tumorigenesis and the subversion of anti-tumor immunity have only recently been appreciated. Small-molecule inhibitors of IDO1 and TDO are being evaluated as single agents and in combination with immune checkpoint blockade in a host of advanced cancers. In this review, we delineate the tolerogenic and pro-inflammatory effects of IDO as it relates to immune escape and discuss current clinical progress in this area.[Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Journal

Targeted OncologySpringer Journals

Published: Jan 4, 2018

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