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Pepper as Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Alternative and Bio-enhancer Agent for Treatment of Pain

Pepper as Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Alternative and Bio-enhancer Agent for Treatment of Pain Pain is considered as an unpleasant distressing feeling in different parts of body in response to different stimuli. The use of opioids, narcotic and non-narcotic drugs is associated with adverse effects; therefore, research on natural analgesics has been the subjects of many investigations. Due to the traditional importance of Piper nigrum in management of pain, the subject of this article was to evaluate the potency of P. nigrum in pain. The electronic sources (PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, etc.) were used to prepare the manuscript by the key words of “black pepper”, “Piper nigrum” and “pain”. The results of different animal studies confirmed that among different species of pepper, P. nigrum or P. longum significantly reduced the severity of pain and their analgesic potencies were mediated by piperine, which induced the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2 or activation of calcium influx. Although piperine is found as analgesic compounds in pepper, but other components such as piperlongumine or essential oil enhanced their analgesic effects. P. nigrum, P. longum or piperine is one ingredient of analgesic formulates in combination with Zingiber officinale or Curcuma longa in human clinical studies. Therefore, formulate consists of piperine or P. nigrum in combination with analgesic herbs including Z. officinale, curcumin or ASU blend can be the subject of further clinical studies. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences Springer Journals

Pepper as Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Alternative and Bio-enhancer Agent for Treatment of Pain

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References (31)

Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © The National Academy of Sciences, India 2021
ISSN
0369-8211
eISSN
2250-1746
DOI
10.1007/s40011-021-01243-0
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Pain is considered as an unpleasant distressing feeling in different parts of body in response to different stimuli. The use of opioids, narcotic and non-narcotic drugs is associated with adverse effects; therefore, research on natural analgesics has been the subjects of many investigations. Due to the traditional importance of Piper nigrum in management of pain, the subject of this article was to evaluate the potency of P. nigrum in pain. The electronic sources (PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, etc.) were used to prepare the manuscript by the key words of “black pepper”, “Piper nigrum” and “pain”. The results of different animal studies confirmed that among different species of pepper, P. nigrum or P. longum significantly reduced the severity of pain and their analgesic potencies were mediated by piperine, which induced the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2 or activation of calcium influx. Although piperine is found as analgesic compounds in pepper, but other components such as piperlongumine or essential oil enhanced their analgesic effects. P. nigrum, P. longum or piperine is one ingredient of analgesic formulates in combination with Zingiber officinale or Curcuma longa in human clinical studies. Therefore, formulate consists of piperine or P. nigrum in combination with analgesic herbs including Z. officinale, curcumin or ASU blend can be the subject of further clinical studies.

Journal

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences – Springer Journals

Published: Sep 1, 2021

Keywords: Piper nigrum; Piperine; Analgesic; Prostaglandins; Pain

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