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Optimal Needle Placement for Ultrasound-Guided Knee Joint Injections or
La ponction articulaire du genou est un geste technique simple, rapide et peu invasif de pratique courante aux urgences. Ses indications sont nombreuses, et elle est réalisée aussi bien à visée diagnostique (aspect visuel et analyse biologique du liquide articulaire) que thérapeutique (évacuation d’un épanchement septique ou sous tension et parfois infiltration médicamenteuse). Il n’existe aucune contre-indication majeure à la réalisation de ce geste, et ce, surtout en cas de suspicion d’arthrite septique où il représente même un examen clé de la prise en charge de cette urgence médicale. Trois approches sont classiquement décrites que ce soit dans le cadre d’une ponction ou d’une infiltration de la cavité articulaire du genou: suprapatellaire, latéropatellaire et antérieure. Il existe pour chacune de ces approches péripatellaires la possibilité d’un accès externe ou interne de façon symétrique. Parmi ces six voies d’abord, la plus fréquemment utilisée, notamment pour évacuer un épanchement, reste la voie suprapatellaire externe. Elle permet un accès aisé, quasi indolore et peu iatrogène à la cavité articulaire du genou. Néanmoins, il faut pouvoir réaliser un abord différent en cas de contreindication locale ou technique. Nous présentons les indications, les différents points de repère anatomique avec l’apport éventuel du guidage échographique ainsi que les différents aspects techniques de ce geste.
Annales françaises de médecine d'urgence – Springer Journals
Published: Mar 3, 2016
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