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Le purpura fulminans, bien que rare, reste une des plus grandes urgences infectieuses pédiatriques. Il s’agit de la forme la plus sévère d’infections invasives à méningocoque qui se traduit par un état de choc septique associé à un purpura extensif. Cette pathologie est caractérisée par une évolution naturelle foudroyante avec une morbimortalité qui demeure élevée. Le diagnostic est essentiellement clinique et il associe: aspect « toxique » de l’enfant, purpura ecchymotique et signes d’hypoperfusion périphérique. Le pronostic de cette pathologie est lié à sa reconnaissance précoce ainsi qu’à l’instauration immédiate de mesures thérapeutiques adaptées qui reposent initialement sur l’antibiothérapie probabiliste parentérale, le remplissage vasculaire et l’oxygénothérapie. C’est pourquoi tout enfant fébrile doit être examiné complètement dévêtu à la recherche d’une lésion purpurique qui signe la septicémie à méningocoque. Ainsi, dès la suspicion clinique l’enfant doit pouvoir bénéficier d’une prise en charge médicale rapide et agressive, et ce sans attendre une hypotension, d’apparition tardive, ou des signes méningés parfois absents.
Annales françaises de médecine d'urgence – Springer Journals
Published: Mar 1, 2016
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