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Stabilisation of beta and gamma oscillation frequency in the mammalian olfactory bulb

Stabilisation of beta and gamma oscillation frequency in the mammalian olfactory bulb Fourcaud-Trocmé et al. BMC Neuroscience 2011, 12(Suppl 1):P362 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/12/S1/P362 POSTER PRESENTATION Open Access Stabilisation of beta and gamma oscillation frequency in the mammalian olfactory bulb 1,2* 1,2 1,2 3 Nicolas Fourcaud-Trocmé , Emmanuelle Courtiol , Nathalie Buonviso , Thomas Voegtlin From Twentieth Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting: CNS*2011 Stockholm, Sweden. 23-28 July 2011 The dynamics of the mammalian olfactory bulb (OB) is is not very sensitive to the number of mitral cells that characterized by local field potential (LFP) oscillations lead to the saturation. Consequently, there is a wide either slow, in the theta range (2-10Hz, tightly linked to range of mitral cell firing rate during which the network the respiratory rhythm), or fast, in the beta (15-30Hz) or frequency is stable. Using standard parameters in our gamma (40-90Hz) range. These fast oscillations are model, we found an oscillation frequency stable between known to be modulated by odorant features [1] and ani- 25 and 30Hz while the average mitral cell firing rate mal experience or state [2][3], but both their mechan- increased from 5Hz to 25Hz. isms and implication in coding are still not well Second, a high noise regime can be observed where understood. In this study, we used a double canulation the mitral cell discharge is much less regular. In this protocol to impose artificial breathing rhythms to case, the network oscillations are of lower amplitude anesthetized rats while recording the LFP in the OB. compared to the low noise regime and thus the graded We observed that despite the changes in the input air inhibition is never saturated by fluctuations around its flow parameters (frequency or flow rate), the main char- mean. The network can then be well described by a acteristics of fast oscillations (duration, frequency or mean field approach (as described in [ 6]) and is close amplitude) were merely constant. We thus made the to a previous model of in vitro gamma oscillations [4]. hypothesis that fast beta and gamma oscillations With our model parameters, oscillations in this regime dynamics areentirelydeterminedbythe OB network have higher frequency, typically in the gamma range properties and that external stimulation was only able (50Hz-90Hz) but their frequency is highly sensitive to put the network in a state which permits the generation the level of input excitation to the mitral cells. This dis- of one or the other oscillations (they are never present crepancy with our experimental result could be relieved simultaneously). by the in vitro experimental observation that mitral cell To test this hypothesis, we studied a simplified OB stimulus excitatory input is all or none [7]. Indeed this model based on previous modeling studies. In particular could provide a stable external input to the network and it includes resonant mitral cells [4] and graded synaptic thus also stabilize the gamma frequency. inhibition [5]. Detailed analysis and numerical simula- Finally, we have shown that our model can account tions of the model showed that two oscillatory dynami- for the two stable oscillatory regimes observed in the cal regime can be sustained. OB in vivo. However our model does not take into First, a low noise regime where at each cycle, a subset account the spatial activation of the OB and the study of mitral cells are tightly synchronized and yield a of how spatially segregated oscillatory generators inter- saturation of the graded inhibition, during which mitral act and potentially synchronize is an ongoing work. cell discharge is prevented. Because of this saturation, the network frequency is governed by the dynamics of Author details the graded inhibition decay. Interestingly, this dynamics 1 INSERM U1028; CNRS UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Olfaction: from coding to memory Team, Lyon, F-69000, France. University Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France. Equipe Cortex, INRIA Lorraine; Vandoeuvre- * Correspondence: nfourcau@olfac.univ-lyon1.fr les-Nancy, France. INSERM U1028; CNRS UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Olfaction: from coding to memory Team, Lyon, F-69000, France Published: 18 July 2011 Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © 2011 Fourcaud-Trocmé et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Fourcaud-Trocmé et al. BMC Neuroscience 2011, 12(Suppl 1):P362 Page 2 of 2 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/12/S1/P362 References 1. Cenier T, Amat C, Litaudon P, Garcia S, Lafaye de Micheaux P, Liquet B, Roux S, Buonviso N: Odor vapor pressure and quality modulate local field potential oscillatory patterns in the olfactory bulb. Eur J Neurosci 2008, 27:1432-1440. 2. Freeman WJ, Schneider W: Changes in spatial patterns of rabbit olfactory EEG. Psychophysiology 1982, 19:44-56. 3. Ravel N, Chabaud P, Martin C, Gaveau V, Hugues E, Tallon-Baudry C, Bertrand O, Gervais R: Olfactory learning modifies the expression of odour-induced oscillatory responses in the gamma (60-90 Hz) and beta (15-40 Hz) bands in the rat olfactory bulb. Eur J Neurosci 2003, 17:350-358. 4. Bathellier B, Lagier S, Faure P, Lledo P: Circuit properties generating gamma oscillations in a network model of the olfactory bulb. J Neurophysiol 2006, 95:2678-2691. 5. Brea J, Kay K, Kopell N: Biophysical model for gamma rhythms in the olfactory bulb via subthreshold oscillations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009, 106(51):21954-21959. 6. Geisler C, Brunel N, Wang XJ: Contributions of intrinsic membrane dynamics to fast network oscillations with irregular neuronal discharges. J Neurophysiol 2005, 94:4344-4361. 7. Gire DH, Schoppa NE: Control of On/Off Glomerular Signaling by a Local GABAergic Microcircuit in the Olfactory Bulb. J Neurosci 2009, 29(43):13454-13464. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-12-S1-P362 Cite this article as: Fourcaud-Trocmé et al.: Stabilisation of beta and gamma oscillation frequency in the mammalian olfactory bulb. BMC Neuroscience 2011 12(Suppl 1):P362. Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take full advantage of: • Convenient online submission • Thorough peer review • No space constraints or color figure charges • Immediate publication on acceptance • Inclusion in PubMed, CAS, Scopus and Google Scholar • Research which is freely available for redistribution Submit your manuscript at www.biomedcentral.com/submit http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png BMC Neuroscience Springer Journals

Stabilisation of beta and gamma oscillation frequency in the mammalian olfactory bulb

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Springer Journals
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Copyright © 2011 by Fourcaud-Trocmé et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Subject
Biomedicine; Neurosciences; Neurobiology; Animal Models
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1471-2202
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10.1186/1471-2202-12-S1-P362
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Abstract

Fourcaud-Trocmé et al. BMC Neuroscience 2011, 12(Suppl 1):P362 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/12/S1/P362 POSTER PRESENTATION Open Access Stabilisation of beta and gamma oscillation frequency in the mammalian olfactory bulb 1,2* 1,2 1,2 3 Nicolas Fourcaud-Trocmé , Emmanuelle Courtiol , Nathalie Buonviso , Thomas Voegtlin From Twentieth Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting: CNS*2011 Stockholm, Sweden. 23-28 July 2011 The dynamics of the mammalian olfactory bulb (OB) is is not very sensitive to the number of mitral cells that characterized by local field potential (LFP) oscillations lead to the saturation. Consequently, there is a wide either slow, in the theta range (2-10Hz, tightly linked to range of mitral cell firing rate during which the network the respiratory rhythm), or fast, in the beta (15-30Hz) or frequency is stable. Using standard parameters in our gamma (40-90Hz) range. These fast oscillations are model, we found an oscillation frequency stable between known to be modulated by odorant features [1] and ani- 25 and 30Hz while the average mitral cell firing rate mal experience or state [2][3], but both their mechan- increased from 5Hz to 25Hz. isms and implication in coding are still not well Second, a high noise regime can be observed where understood. In this study, we used a double canulation the mitral cell discharge is much less regular. In this protocol to impose artificial breathing rhythms to case, the network oscillations are of lower amplitude anesthetized rats while recording the LFP in the OB. compared to the low noise regime and thus the graded We observed that despite the changes in the input air inhibition is never saturated by fluctuations around its flow parameters (frequency or flow rate), the main char- mean. The network can then be well described by a acteristics of fast oscillations (duration, frequency or mean field approach (as described in [ 6]) and is close amplitude) were merely constant. We thus made the to a previous model of in vitro gamma oscillations [4]. hypothesis that fast beta and gamma oscillations With our model parameters, oscillations in this regime dynamics areentirelydeterminedbythe OB network have higher frequency, typically in the gamma range properties and that external stimulation was only able (50Hz-90Hz) but their frequency is highly sensitive to put the network in a state which permits the generation the level of input excitation to the mitral cells. This dis- of one or the other oscillations (they are never present crepancy with our experimental result could be relieved simultaneously). by the in vitro experimental observation that mitral cell To test this hypothesis, we studied a simplified OB stimulus excitatory input is all or none [7]. Indeed this model based on previous modeling studies. In particular could provide a stable external input to the network and it includes resonant mitral cells [4] and graded synaptic thus also stabilize the gamma frequency. inhibition [5]. Detailed analysis and numerical simula- Finally, we have shown that our model can account tions of the model showed that two oscillatory dynami- for the two stable oscillatory regimes observed in the cal regime can be sustained. OB in vivo. However our model does not take into First, a low noise regime where at each cycle, a subset account the spatial activation of the OB and the study of mitral cells are tightly synchronized and yield a of how spatially segregated oscillatory generators inter- saturation of the graded inhibition, during which mitral act and potentially synchronize is an ongoing work. cell discharge is prevented. Because of this saturation, the network frequency is governed by the dynamics of Author details the graded inhibition decay. Interestingly, this dynamics 1 INSERM U1028; CNRS UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Olfaction: from coding to memory Team, Lyon, F-69000, France. University Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France. Equipe Cortex, INRIA Lorraine; Vandoeuvre- * Correspondence: nfourcau@olfac.univ-lyon1.fr les-Nancy, France. INSERM U1028; CNRS UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Olfaction: from coding to memory Team, Lyon, F-69000, France Published: 18 July 2011 Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © 2011 Fourcaud-Trocmé et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Fourcaud-Trocmé et al. BMC Neuroscience 2011, 12(Suppl 1):P362 Page 2 of 2 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/12/S1/P362 References 1. Cenier T, Amat C, Litaudon P, Garcia S, Lafaye de Micheaux P, Liquet B, Roux S, Buonviso N: Odor vapor pressure and quality modulate local field potential oscillatory patterns in the olfactory bulb. Eur J Neurosci 2008, 27:1432-1440. 2. Freeman WJ, Schneider W: Changes in spatial patterns of rabbit olfactory EEG. Psychophysiology 1982, 19:44-56. 3. Ravel N, Chabaud P, Martin C, Gaveau V, Hugues E, Tallon-Baudry C, Bertrand O, Gervais R: Olfactory learning modifies the expression of odour-induced oscillatory responses in the gamma (60-90 Hz) and beta (15-40 Hz) bands in the rat olfactory bulb. Eur J Neurosci 2003, 17:350-358. 4. Bathellier B, Lagier S, Faure P, Lledo P: Circuit properties generating gamma oscillations in a network model of the olfactory bulb. J Neurophysiol 2006, 95:2678-2691. 5. Brea J, Kay K, Kopell N: Biophysical model for gamma rhythms in the olfactory bulb via subthreshold oscillations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009, 106(51):21954-21959. 6. Geisler C, Brunel N, Wang XJ: Contributions of intrinsic membrane dynamics to fast network oscillations with irregular neuronal discharges. J Neurophysiol 2005, 94:4344-4361. 7. Gire DH, Schoppa NE: Control of On/Off Glomerular Signaling by a Local GABAergic Microcircuit in the Olfactory Bulb. J Neurosci 2009, 29(43):13454-13464. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-12-S1-P362 Cite this article as: Fourcaud-Trocmé et al.: Stabilisation of beta and gamma oscillation frequency in the mammalian olfactory bulb. BMC Neuroscience 2011 12(Suppl 1):P362. Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take full advantage of: • Convenient online submission • Thorough peer review • No space constraints or color figure charges • Immediate publication on acceptance • Inclusion in PubMed, CAS, Scopus and Google Scholar • Research which is freely available for redistribution Submit your manuscript at www.biomedcentral.com/submit

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BMC Neuroscience – Springer Journals

Published: Jul 18, 2011

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