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Sustainable Desalination and Water ReuseMethods for Concentrating and Treating Brine

Sustainable Desalination and Water Reuse: Methods for Concentrating and Treating Brine CHA PT ER 6 MethodsforConcentrating andTreatingBrine 6.1 EVAPORATIVEBRINECONCENTRATION(EBC)FOR MINIMALLIQUIDDISCHARGE 6.1.1 THERMALDISTILLATION Typical evaporative processes, shown in Figures 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3, include mechanical vapor compression (MVC), multiple effect distillation (MED), multi-stage flash distillation (MSF), solar ponds and wind aided intensified evaporation (WAIV). In mechanical vapor compres- sion (MVC), vapor generated during evaporation is recompressed using a mechanically driven compressor, which also acts as a heat pump, adding energy to the vapor. After compression of the vapor and condensation of the heating system, the condensate leaves the cycle with the heating steam separated from the vapor by the heat exchange surface of the evaporator [384]. The limitation of this type of technology is the maximum size of the volumetric compressors. Its maximum capacity does not allow for high production of desalinated water. In multi-effect distillation(MED),theevaporatorconsistsofmultiplecellsoperatedatdecreasinglevelsofpres- sure.Thesteamgeneratedinonestageoreffectisusedtoheattheconcentrateinthenextstage as the next stage is at a lower temperature or pressure. Similar to the multi-stage flash (MSF) process,theperformanceoftheMEDprocessdependsonthenumberofstagesoreffects.MED plants normally use an external steam supply at a temperature greater than 100 C. 6.1.2 EVAPORATIONINSOLARPOND Disposal in evaporation ponds is another conventional method of concentrate management for desalination facilities. It involves pumping the brine into shallow, lined basins and allowing waterinthebrinetoevaporatenaturallybysolarirradiation.Whenwaterevaporates,saltsfrom the brine accumulate in http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png

Sustainable Desalination and Water ReuseMethods for Concentrating and Treating Brine

Part of the Synthesis Lectures on Sustainable Development Book Series
Editors: Hoek, Eric M. V.; Jassby, David; Kaner, Richard B.
Wu, Jishan; Wang, Jingbo; Liu, Yiming; Rao, Unnati
Sustainable Desalination and Water Reuse — Jan 1, 2021
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Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Copyright
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
ISBN
978-3-031-79507-7
Pages
87 –124
DOI
10.1007/978-3-031-79508-4_6
Publisher site
See Chapter on Publisher Site

Abstract

CHA PT ER 6 MethodsforConcentrating andTreatingBrine 6.1 EVAPORATIVEBRINECONCENTRATION(EBC)FOR MINIMALLIQUIDDISCHARGE 6.1.1 THERMALDISTILLATION Typical evaporative processes, shown in Figures 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3, include mechanical vapor compression (MVC), multiple effect distillation (MED), multi-stage flash distillation (MSF), solar ponds and wind aided intensified evaporation (WAIV). In mechanical vapor compres- sion (MVC), vapor generated during evaporation is recompressed using a mechanically driven compressor, which also acts as a heat pump, adding energy to the vapor. After compression of the vapor and condensation of the heating system, the condensate leaves the cycle with the heating steam separated from the vapor by the heat exchange surface of the evaporator [384]. The limitation of this type of technology is the maximum size of the volumetric compressors. Its maximum capacity does not allow for high production of desalinated water. In multi-effect distillation(MED),theevaporatorconsistsofmultiplecellsoperatedatdecreasinglevelsofpres- sure.Thesteamgeneratedinonestageoreffectisusedtoheattheconcentrateinthenextstage as the next stage is at a lower temperature or pressure. Similar to the multi-stage flash (MSF) process,theperformanceoftheMEDprocessdependsonthenumberofstagesoreffects.MED plants normally use an external steam supply at a temperature greater than 100 C. 6.1.2 EVAPORATIONINSOLARPOND Disposal in evaporation ponds is another conventional method of concentrate management for desalination facilities. It involves pumping the brine into shallow, lined basins and allowing waterinthebrinetoevaporatenaturallybysolarirradiation.Whenwaterevaporates,saltsfrom the brine accumulate in

Published: Jan 1, 2021

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