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Sustainable Desalination and Water ReuseRenewable-Powered Desalination

Sustainable Desalination and Water Reuse: Renewable-Powered Desalination CHA PT ER 7 Renewable-Powered Desalination 7.1 TYPESOFRENEWABLEENERGYFOR DESALINATION Growing requirements of freshwater and unsustainable nature of fossil fuels are driving the in- terestinusingrenewableenergyfordesalinationapplications[15,437–439].Renewableenergy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly (electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources). Various sources of renewable energy, shown in Figure 7.1, are available in different re- gions across the globe. Main conventional renewable energy sources of interest for desalina- tionincludesolar,geothermal,windandtidalwave.Besidestheconventionalrenewableenergy sources,salinitygradientpower(SGP),alsotermedasBlueenergy,representsagreenandnearly unexplored source of sustainable energy. Blue energy can be harnessed by controlled mixing of two liquid streams with different salinity levels and has great potential in alleviating the energy demand and carbon footprint of desalination plants. 7.1.1 SOLARENERGY Solar energy can be harnessed directly as electricity, or as solar thermal energy, which is either used in heating or cooling systems, or drives turbines to generate electricity. Technologies for solarenergythereforefallsundertwobroadcategories:PVandsolarthermal(Figure7.2).Solar thermal technologies are further divided into concentrated solar power (CSP), for electricity generation, or direct use in low-temperature heating applications [441]. Solarenergyisthemostabundantformofrenewableenergyacrosstheglobe.Ithasbeen reported that many regions in Middle East and North Africa receive 5–7 kWh of solar insola- tioneachsolarday.Mostoftheseregionsarerichinbrackishorseawaterbutsufferfromlackof sufficient freshwater, making them ideal for solar energy drive desalination. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png

Sustainable Desalination and Water ReuseRenewable-Powered Desalination

Part of the Synthesis Lectures on Sustainable Development Book Series
Editors: Hoek, Eric M. V.; Jassby, David; Kaner, Richard B.
Wu, Jishan; Wang, Jingbo; Liu, Yiming; Rao, Unnati
Sustainable Desalination and Water Reuse — Jan 1, 2021
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Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Copyright
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
ISBN
978-3-031-79507-7
Pages
125 –144
DOI
10.1007/978-3-031-79508-4_7
Publisher site
See Chapter on Publisher Site

Abstract

CHA PT ER 7 Renewable-Powered Desalination 7.1 TYPESOFRENEWABLEENERGYFOR DESALINATION Growing requirements of freshwater and unsustainable nature of fossil fuels are driving the in- terestinusingrenewableenergyfordesalinationapplications[15,437–439].Renewableenergy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly (electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources). Various sources of renewable energy, shown in Figure 7.1, are available in different re- gions across the globe. Main conventional renewable energy sources of interest for desalina- tionincludesolar,geothermal,windandtidalwave.Besidestheconventionalrenewableenergy sources,salinitygradientpower(SGP),alsotermedasBlueenergy,representsagreenandnearly unexplored source of sustainable energy. Blue energy can be harnessed by controlled mixing of two liquid streams with different salinity levels and has great potential in alleviating the energy demand and carbon footprint of desalination plants. 7.1.1 SOLARENERGY Solar energy can be harnessed directly as electricity, or as solar thermal energy, which is either used in heating or cooling systems, or drives turbines to generate electricity. Technologies for solarenergythereforefallsundertwobroadcategories:PVandsolarthermal(Figure7.2).Solar thermal technologies are further divided into concentrated solar power (CSP), for electricity generation, or direct use in low-temperature heating applications [441]. Solarenergyisthemostabundantformofrenewableenergyacrosstheglobe.Ithasbeen reported that many regions in Middle East and North Africa receive 5–7 kWh of solar insola- tioneachsolarday.Mostoftheseregionsarerichinbrackishorseawaterbutsufferfromlackof sufficient freshwater, making them ideal for solar energy drive desalination.

Published: Jan 1, 2021

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