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Tardive Dyskinesia: Review of Treatments Past, Present, and Future

Tardive Dyskinesia: Review of Treatments Past, Present, and Future The aim of this article is to review the theories purported to explain the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia (TD) and the various agents investigated for its treatment. The methods used included a review of studies in English, a Medline search, as well as a check of references listed at the end of the articles was conducted to obtain the relevant studies for review. The results show that vitamin E appears to be a promising agent both for the treatment and prophylaxis of TD. Complete remission has been reported with clozapine, but there is a need for further studies. There are cases reported of benefits with numerous miscellaneous agents, including electroconvulsive therapy, but there are no well-designed, substantiating studies. We conclude that there is no universally effective treatment for TD. Vitamin E is promising both for the treatment and possibly prophylaxis of TD. Clozapine therapy should be considered in patients refractory to traditional antipsychotics who develop TD. Judicious use of antipsychotics and periodic monitoring remain the cornerstone of therapy. None of the atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine, quetiapine) have been used long enough or adequately studied for their effects on TD. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Annals of Clinical Psychiatry Springer Journals

Tardive Dyskinesia: Review of Treatments Past, Present, and Future

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Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists
Subject
Medicine & Public Health; Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychopharmacology
ISSN
1040-1237
eISSN
1573-3238
DOI
10.1023/A:1022369614773
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

The aim of this article is to review the theories purported to explain the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia (TD) and the various agents investigated for its treatment. The methods used included a review of studies in English, a Medline search, as well as a check of references listed at the end of the articles was conducted to obtain the relevant studies for review. The results show that vitamin E appears to be a promising agent both for the treatment and prophylaxis of TD. Complete remission has been reported with clozapine, but there is a need for further studies. There are cases reported of benefits with numerous miscellaneous agents, including electroconvulsive therapy, but there are no well-designed, substantiating studies. We conclude that there is no universally effective treatment for TD. Vitamin E is promising both for the treatment and possibly prophylaxis of TD. Clozapine therapy should be considered in patients refractory to traditional antipsychotics who develop TD. Judicious use of antipsychotics and periodic monitoring remain the cornerstone of therapy. None of the atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine, quetiapine) have been used long enough or adequately studied for their effects on TD.

Journal

Annals of Clinical Psychiatry – Springer Journals

Published: Sep 30, 2004

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