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The physiological, structural, and behavioral adaptations of the “fore-mid” four-legged walking of the pygmy mole cricket Xya sichuanensis (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae)

The physiological, structural, and behavioral adaptations of the “fore-mid” four-legged walking... Animals have developed numerous specialized biological characteristics due to selective pressure from the environment. The pygmy mole cricket Xya sichuanensis (Cao et al. Zootaxa 4413:397–400, 2018) (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae) has well-developed saltatorial hind legs for jumping, but these legs cannot be used for walking. Therefore, the typical tripedal gait used by most insects with six legs is not possible, and X. sichuanensis walks exclusively using its fore and mid legs. In this study, we suggest that X. sichuanensis has developed physiological, structural and behavioral adaptations, such as optimized jumping behavior and a unique walking pattern alongside specialized anatomical adaptations to enable survival in a competitive environment. Herein, we sought to deepen our understanding of the biological and physiological adaptations of it. Using comparing analysis, histological section and SEM, we found the positions of tarsi points relative to the ground, integrated hind leg-abdomen structure, thickened ventral cuticle, and leg movements during walking to all show a unique biological adaptation. Of interest, X. sichuanensis was observed to demonstrate four-legged walking, underlining the general theme that insects have strong plasticity at both physiological and behavioral levels. This study could help explain biological and physiological adaptations for insects’ behaviors with important implications for the study of diversity in insect locomotion. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Applied Entomology and Zoology Springer Journals

The physiological, structural, and behavioral adaptations of the “fore-mid” four-legged walking of the pygmy mole cricket Xya sichuanensis (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae)

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Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology 2022
ISSN
0003-6862
eISSN
1347-605X
DOI
10.1007/s13355-022-00775-9
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Animals have developed numerous specialized biological characteristics due to selective pressure from the environment. The pygmy mole cricket Xya sichuanensis (Cao et al. Zootaxa 4413:397–400, 2018) (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae) has well-developed saltatorial hind legs for jumping, but these legs cannot be used for walking. Therefore, the typical tripedal gait used by most insects with six legs is not possible, and X. sichuanensis walks exclusively using its fore and mid legs. In this study, we suggest that X. sichuanensis has developed physiological, structural and behavioral adaptations, such as optimized jumping behavior and a unique walking pattern alongside specialized anatomical adaptations to enable survival in a competitive environment. Herein, we sought to deepen our understanding of the biological and physiological adaptations of it. Using comparing analysis, histological section and SEM, we found the positions of tarsi points relative to the ground, integrated hind leg-abdomen structure, thickened ventral cuticle, and leg movements during walking to all show a unique biological adaptation. Of interest, X. sichuanensis was observed to demonstrate four-legged walking, underlining the general theme that insects have strong plasticity at both physiological and behavioral levels. This study could help explain biological and physiological adaptations for insects’ behaviors with important implications for the study of diversity in insect locomotion.

Journal

Applied Entomology and Zoology – Springer Journals

Published: May 1, 2022

Keywords: Pygmy mole cricket; Locomotion; Walk; Adaptation; Morphology

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