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[This chapter examines how the emigration of Jews predated the wave of emigration after the founding of the state of Israel in 1948 by at least a century, and how it continued from the late Ottoman period through the early Turkish Republic. Jews left Turkey in large numbers in response to Turkification efforts that sought to both assimilate and marginalize Jews and others. Jews holding Turkish passports migrated throughout Western Europe, the Americas, and further afield, and, in places like Mexico, became synonymous with governmental perceptions of who constituted a “Turk.” At the same time, many acquired additional citizenships while continuing to travel on Turkish passports in direct contravention of Turkish law. In doing so, they provoked Turkish officials to articulate the boundaries of Turkish citizenship and nationality in ways that at times overlapped and at times diverged from the ways in which “Turkishness” was mapped onto Jews still resident in Turkey.]
Published: Apr 13, 2022
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