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Cambios en el cerebro adolescente y conductas agresivas y de asunción de riesgos

Cambios en el cerebro adolescente y conductas agresivas y de asunción de riesgos ResumenLos avances en las técnicas de neuroimagen han contribuido a un mejor conocimiento del desarrollo cerebral que tiene lugar durante la adolescencia, lo que nos permite tener una nueva perspectiva de algunas conductas problemáticas propias de esta etapa evolutiva, como son las conductas antisociales y de asunción de riesgos. Los estudios que utilizan técnicas de resonancia magnética funcional informan de cambios importantes que tienen lugar en el cerebro de los adolescentes y que afectan fundamentalmente a la corteza prefrontal. Otros cambios relevantes afectan al circuito básico de amenaza y al de recompensa, ya que en ambos casos la evidencia empírica indica una mayor activación en adolescentes que en adultos, lo que unido al menor desarrollo prefrontal crea un desequilibrio entre circuitos cerebrales que puede hacer más probable el surgimiento de conductas de agresión reactiva y de asunción de riesgos. Algunos datos indican que la excitabilidad de estos circuitos cerebrales puede estar ocasionada por los cambios hormonales de la pubertad, lo que hace que los primeros años de la adolescencia sean los de mayor riesgo para la aparición de conductas relacionadas con la falta de autorregulación, ya que en esta etapa coinciden la mayor excitabilidad con el menor desarrollo prefrontal. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Studies in Psychology: Estudios de Psicología Taylor & Francis

Cambios en el cerebro adolescente y conductas agresivas y de asunción de riesgos

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Publisher
Taylor & Francis
Copyright
© 2010 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
ISSN
1579-3699
eISSN
0210-9395
DOI
10.1174/021093910790744563
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

ResumenLos avances en las técnicas de neuroimagen han contribuido a un mejor conocimiento del desarrollo cerebral que tiene lugar durante la adolescencia, lo que nos permite tener una nueva perspectiva de algunas conductas problemáticas propias de esta etapa evolutiva, como son las conductas antisociales y de asunción de riesgos. Los estudios que utilizan técnicas de resonancia magnética funcional informan de cambios importantes que tienen lugar en el cerebro de los adolescentes y que afectan fundamentalmente a la corteza prefrontal. Otros cambios relevantes afectan al circuito básico de amenaza y al de recompensa, ya que en ambos casos la evidencia empírica indica una mayor activación en adolescentes que en adultos, lo que unido al menor desarrollo prefrontal crea un desequilibrio entre circuitos cerebrales que puede hacer más probable el surgimiento de conductas de agresión reactiva y de asunción de riesgos. Algunos datos indican que la excitabilidad de estos circuitos cerebrales puede estar ocasionada por los cambios hormonales de la pubertad, lo que hace que los primeros años de la adolescencia sean los de mayor riesgo para la aparición de conductas relacionadas con la falta de autorregulación, ya que en esta etapa coinciden la mayor excitabilidad con el menor desarrollo prefrontal.

Journal

Studies in Psychology: Estudios de Psicología – Taylor & Francis

Published: Jan 1, 2010

Keywords: Adolescencia; desarrollo cerebral; corteza prefrontal; asunción de riesgos; conducta antisocial; Adolescence; brain development; prefrontal cortex; risk-taking; antisocial behaviour

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