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Les Diptères des Savanes Tropicales Préforestières de Lamto (Cote-d'Ivoire) II. — Peuplement de Bombyliidae et Description de Quatre Espèces Nouvelles

Les Diptères des Savanes Tropicales Préforestières de Lamto (Cote-d'Ivoire) II. — Peuplement... Summary D. Lachaise & J. Bowden: The Bombyliidae of Lamto (Ivory-Coast). 11 genus including 16 species (4 of which are new and described here) have been recorded from the savannas of Lamto. The Bombyliidae of Lamto may be divided into four ecological categories: savanna species which exploit the forest-savanna mosaic, Toxophora albivittata, T. carcellii, Systropus saphus, Geron sp., Bombylius nigrilobus and Exoprosopa latifrons; one, Systoechus melampogon, preferring forest mosaic habitats but belonging to a genus primarily of the savanna; those with sylvicolous tendencies, Systropus xylochus, Palintonus sp. and Ligyra niveifrons; and one ubiquitous species, Anthrax pithecius. In their phenology the adults fall into three main categories: species found predominantly in the rainy season, such as B. nigrilobus; species which may overlap the dry season and either the end of the beginning of the rainy season, such as Toxophora spp., Systropus spp., S. melampogon and E. latifrons; and one species apparently confined to the dry season: L. niveifrons. The ubiquitous A. pithecius has no phenological restriction. The adults are primary consumers, the main food source being pollen and nectar from Compositae and Rubiaceae, which are the dominant flowering plants at Lamto; Toxophora spp. are more strictly associated with Borreria spp. (Rubiaceae). B. nigrilobus and L. niveifrons may utilise alternative sources, excrement and sap respectively. The larvae are parasitic or predatory and are in general secondary of tertiary consumers, although A. pithecius may be secondary, tertiary or quaternary depending on the host utilised. The part the Bombyliidae have in the ecosystems of Lamto doesn't lie in their own production but in their function of parasites or hyperparasites. Their interference level in the food chains confers on them a regulation part on the production of the lower trophic levels. The larvo-pupal mortality in Bombyliidae is so great that many species would disappear without a striking high fecundity.. When a parasitical specialization occurs, even if relative, as it is the case in the species of the genus Systropus for a special family of butterflies, the Limacodiidae, there is correlatively changing in ovipositing behaviour. As a matter of course, this latter takes steps to the end of decreasing the loss of eggs. Indeed, the Systropus females oviposit directly their eggs on the host. This is very unusual in most Bombyliidae which drop or throw their eggs « to chance » in a site which is expected to be suitable to the occurrence of one required host. The burst of speciation within the genus Systropus, in the ethiopian region can have been fostered by such kind of oviposition and by such relative parasitical specialization. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N S ) Taylor & Francis

Les Diptères des Savanes Tropicales Préforestières de Lamto (Cote-d'Ivoire) II. — Peuplement de Bombyliidae et Description de Quatre Espèces Nouvelles

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Publisher
Taylor & Francis
Copyright
© 1976 Société entomologique de France
ISSN
2168-6351
eISSN
0037-9271
DOI
10.1080/21686351.1976.12278573
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Summary D. Lachaise & J. Bowden: The Bombyliidae of Lamto (Ivory-Coast). 11 genus including 16 species (4 of which are new and described here) have been recorded from the savannas of Lamto. The Bombyliidae of Lamto may be divided into four ecological categories: savanna species which exploit the forest-savanna mosaic, Toxophora albivittata, T. carcellii, Systropus saphus, Geron sp., Bombylius nigrilobus and Exoprosopa latifrons; one, Systoechus melampogon, preferring forest mosaic habitats but belonging to a genus primarily of the savanna; those with sylvicolous tendencies, Systropus xylochus, Palintonus sp. and Ligyra niveifrons; and one ubiquitous species, Anthrax pithecius. In their phenology the adults fall into three main categories: species found predominantly in the rainy season, such as B. nigrilobus; species which may overlap the dry season and either the end of the beginning of the rainy season, such as Toxophora spp., Systropus spp., S. melampogon and E. latifrons; and one species apparently confined to the dry season: L. niveifrons. The ubiquitous A. pithecius has no phenological restriction. The adults are primary consumers, the main food source being pollen and nectar from Compositae and Rubiaceae, which are the dominant flowering plants at Lamto; Toxophora spp. are more strictly associated with Borreria spp. (Rubiaceae). B. nigrilobus and L. niveifrons may utilise alternative sources, excrement and sap respectively. The larvae are parasitic or predatory and are in general secondary of tertiary consumers, although A. pithecius may be secondary, tertiary or quaternary depending on the host utilised. The part the Bombyliidae have in the ecosystems of Lamto doesn't lie in their own production but in their function of parasites or hyperparasites. Their interference level in the food chains confers on them a regulation part on the production of the lower trophic levels. The larvo-pupal mortality in Bombyliidae is so great that many species would disappear without a striking high fecundity.. When a parasitical specialization occurs, even if relative, as it is the case in the species of the genus Systropus for a special family of butterflies, the Limacodiidae, there is correlatively changing in ovipositing behaviour. As a matter of course, this latter takes steps to the end of decreasing the loss of eggs. Indeed, the Systropus females oviposit directly their eggs on the host. This is very unusual in most Bombyliidae which drop or throw their eggs « to chance » in a site which is expected to be suitable to the occurrence of one required host. The burst of speciation within the genus Systropus, in the ethiopian region can have been fostered by such kind of oviposition and by such relative parasitical specialization.

Journal

Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N S ) – Taylor & Francis

Published: Apr 30, 1976

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