Litigation as a Strategy for Environmental Movements Questioned: An Examination of Bergama and Artvin-Cerattepe Struggles

Abstract

Litigation is being increasingly used by environmental movements in pursuit of justice as a last resort. The environmentally harmful actions of transnational corporations in addition to the incapability of international organizations and the unresponsiveness of states to inhibit this damage are pushing citizens to courts. However, courts’ ability to address environmental injustices remains dubious. This article problematizes the efficacy of litigation for environmental movements to...