On the reference of proper names
Abstract
Abstract Resumé. It is an important fact about proper names that when they are used to refer to extra-linguistic objects, they are not just nouns. They are NPs, that is to say, grammatical constructions. This fact has not been recognized by philosophers and philosophically oriented linguists, who have discussed various methods of identifying referents, one for each proper name. What is needed is rather a set of pragmatic and grammatical rules which can serve to fix the reference for...