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Theology, Law and Social Configuration: Views and Attitudes towards Theological Innovators (mubtadiʿūn)

Theology, Law and Social Configuration: Views and Attitudes towards Theological Innovators... AL-MASĀQ 2021, VOL. 33, NO. 2, 205–218 https://doi.org/10.1080/09503110.2021.1907522 Theology, Law and Social Configuration: Views and Attitudes towards Theological Innovators (mubtadiʿūn) Nimrod Hurvitz ARTICLE HISTORY Received 8 February 2021; Accepted 20 March 2021 Introduction As Muslim societies split into different theological trends, proto-Sunnīs and later Sunnīs, asked themselves how they should interact with individuals who strayed from their system of beliefs. One of their concerns was whether members of theological movements such as Shīʿīs, Muʿtazilīs, Khawārij and Qadarīs should be considered as equal believers within wider Muslim society, or marginalised and treated as second-class believers. Should they establish a hierarchy based on beliefs, much like the social grading that differentiates between Muslims and non-Muslims, or uphold an egalitarian social struc- ture? And if such a hierarchy should come into being, what should be its concrete socio- legal implications? It should be pointed out from the outset that Sunnī jurists distinguished between innovators and heretics. A heretic, most jurists would agree, is one who rejects essential Muslim truths about the Prophet or Allāh, and in so doing leaves the fold of Islam. In his discussion of apostasy Yohanan Friedmann remarks: … the jurists maintain that the denial of the shahāda is http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Al-Masaq: Journal of the Medieval Mediterranean Taylor & Francis

Theology, Law and Social Configuration: Views and Attitudes towards Theological Innovators (mubtadiʿūn)

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Theology, Law and Social Configuration: Views and Attitudes towards Theological Innovators (mubtadiʿūn)

Abstract

AL-MASĀQ 2021, VOL. 33, NO. 2, 205–218 https://doi.org/10.1080/09503110.2021.1907522 Theology, Law and Social Configuration: Views and Attitudes towards Theological Innovators (mubtadiʿūn) Nimrod Hurvitz ARTICLE HISTORY Received 8 February 2021; Accepted 20 March 2021 Introduction As Muslim societies split into different theological trends, proto-Sunnīs and later Sunnīs, asked themselves how they should interact with individuals who strayed from...
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Publisher
Taylor & Francis
Copyright
© 2021 Society for the Medieval Mediterranean
ISSN
1473-348X
eISSN
0950-3110
DOI
10.1080/09503110.2021.1907522
Publisher site
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Abstract

AL-MASĀQ 2021, VOL. 33, NO. 2, 205–218 https://doi.org/10.1080/09503110.2021.1907522 Theology, Law and Social Configuration: Views and Attitudes towards Theological Innovators (mubtadiʿūn) Nimrod Hurvitz ARTICLE HISTORY Received 8 February 2021; Accepted 20 March 2021 Introduction As Muslim societies split into different theological trends, proto-Sunnīs and later Sunnīs, asked themselves how they should interact with individuals who strayed from their system of beliefs. One of their concerns was whether members of theological movements such as Shīʿīs, Muʿtazilīs, Khawārij and Qadarīs should be considered as equal believers within wider Muslim society, or marginalised and treated as second-class believers. Should they establish a hierarchy based on beliefs, much like the social grading that differentiates between Muslims and non-Muslims, or uphold an egalitarian social struc- ture? And if such a hierarchy should come into being, what should be its concrete socio- legal implications? It should be pointed out from the outset that Sunnī jurists distinguished between innovators and heretics. A heretic, most jurists would agree, is one who rejects essential Muslim truths about the Prophet or Allāh, and in so doing leaves the fold of Islam. In his discussion of apostasy Yohanan Friedmann remarks: … the jurists maintain that the denial of the shahāda is

Journal

Al-Masaq: Journal of the Medieval Mediterranean – Taylor & Francis

Published: May 4, 2021

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