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Traditional knowledge for sustainable forest management and provision of ecosystem services

Traditional knowledge for sustainable forest management and provision of ecosystem services INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIODIVERSITY SCIENCE, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES & MANAGEMENT, 2016 VOL. 12, NOS. 1–2, 1–4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2016.1169580 EDITORIAL Traditional knowledge for sustainable forest management and provision of ecosystem services Forests, and the people who depend on them, are management, shifting cultivation, and agroforestry under enormous pressure worldwide. Deforestation systems, continue to provide the material and non- in many parts of the world continues at an alarming material needs of societies without jeopardizing the pace, the result of agricultural conversion for food biodiversity and functional integrity of forests and and industrial crops such as oil palm, livestock pro- associated ecosystems (Parrotta et al. 2015). duction, mining, and energy and industrial infra- Examples of such systems are discussed in the articles structure development. Forest degradation is even included in this short Special Issue of International more widespread, leading to more gradual losses of Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & biodiversity, forest structure, ecological functioning, Management (IJBESM). Three of the papers included and provision of ecosystem services. Biodiversity loss, in this Special Issue (Camacho et al. 2016; Boafo et al. climate change, pollution, water shortages, and envir- 2016; Siahaya et al. 2016) are based on presentations onmental conflicts lessen the capacity of forest land- given at the 2014 International Union of Forest scapes to provide the environmental goods and Research Organizations (IUFRO) World Congress services that underpin food security and other basic held in Salt Lake City, USA. human needs. Faced with these problems, and con- In their assessment of muyong – traditional inte- sidering their origins, many question whether the grated watershed management systems in the north- science and technology that currently shapes our ern Philippines – Camacho et al. (2016) discuss how lives and the management of natural resources is up the indigenous people provide the timber and water to the task of building a truly sustainable future. regulating services to sustain agricultural productivity Perhaps, as Albert Einstein suggested: ‘The world as while also helping to conserve biodiversity and eco- we have created it, is a process of our thinking. It system resilience for generations, at a landscape level. cannot be changed without changing our thinking.’ Similarly, the study by Siahaya et al. (2016) describes Fortunately, there are other sources of knowledge the traditional knowledge that has guided the devel- and wisdom to draw on in our collective quest for opment of upland rice cultivation based on sophisti- sustainable natural resource management. Long before cated shifting cultivation techniques – gilir balik – the development of modern forest science and ‘scien- used by the indigenous Dayak Tunjung community tific’ forest management in Europe in the early nine- in East Borneo, who for generations have relied on teenth century, local and indigenous communities these practices to ensure their food security. A study throughout the world managed forests and associated of rural communities in northern Ghana by Boafo landscapes in countless ways that sustained their liveli- et al. (2016) examines how traditional knowledge in hoods and cultures, without jeopardizing the capacity its various forms – taboos and totems, customs and of these ecosystems to provide goods and services for rituals, rules and regulations, traditional protected future generations. The knowledge, innovations, and areas – still play an important role in managing practices of these communities evolved through var- ecosystem services in these villages. However, the ious experiences gained over centuries under changing study also found that awareness of and compliance environmental, economic, political, and social condi- with traditional norms and practices are associated tions. Typically, this traditional knowledge has been more with older village residents than with younger transmitted orally from generation to generation, often generations. This intergenerational erosion of forest- in the form of stories, songs, folklore, and proverbs, as related traditional knowledge, revealed both in this well as direct training of youth by elders. Traditional study and in that of the Ifugao communities in the knowledge – supported by and embodied in local Philippines (Camacho et al. 2016) and among the languages, cultural values, beliefs, rituals, community Dayak Tunjung in East Borneo (Siahaya et al. 2016), laws, and governance systems – has created a diverse highlights the need for greater emphasis on both array of natural resource management practices that conservation of traditional knowledge and appropri- sustain these communities’ food security, health, and ate adaptation of traditional practices to meet the cultural traditions (Berkes 2008). changing livelihood needs of younger generation Complex forest management practices based on without losing the multiple ecosystem service benefits traditional knowledge, including natural forest that traditional practices have typically yielded. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group 2 J. PARROTTA ET AL. management practices as development programs There is also significant potential for integrating focus more on the promotion of simplified and inten- traditional knowledge into forest resource assess- ments for the purpose of improved forest manage- sified agricultural production and other land and resource use that aim at maximizing the yield of a ment. A good example of the use of traditional narrow range of agricultural crops and forest pro- knowledge to inform forest management planning is presented by Cummings and Read (2016). Their ducts to satisfy the demands of state actors and national or international markets. In the majority of study demonstrates how traditional knowledge of cases, policy-makers, planners, natural resource man- the Makushi and Wapishiana Amerindians of Southern Guyana may be used as part of forest inven- agers (including conservationists), forestry and agri- cultural scientists, and extension agents have paid tories to identify and classify tree and palm species little attention to traditional knowledge and its prac- and how they are used for provisioning, cultural, and supporting ecosystem services. Such an approach titioners. Strenuous efforts have been made to sup- enriches our understanding of the multiple dimen- press and replace this knowledge with more ‘scientific’ practices, particularly in the case of shift- sions of ecosystem services associated with individual species, and allows for more robust evaluation of ing agriculture. This erosion and loss of traditional forest values than is typically the case in current knowledge and practices has often had very serious scientific assessments and management planning negative consequences for the well-being of local and activities. indigenous communities, and for forests, associated The diversity of traditional forest-related knowl- ecosystems, their biodiversity, and capacity to pro- edge systems and practices in the world reflects the duce environmental goods and services on a sustain- environmental/ecological conditions, history, and the able basis (Ouédraogo et al. 2014). social, economic, and cultural characteristics of the While traditional forest-related knowledge, its his- communities that have retained this knowledge torical contributions, and resilience remain under- (Parrotta & Trosper 2012). These systems share a recognized, efforts to preserve and enhance it are number of objectives and characteristics which dis- increasing (Maffi & Woodley 2010). Collaborative tinguish them from most ‘modern’ natural resource research between forest scientists and the holders management practices, including the following: and users of traditional knowledge – exemplified in the articles included in this Special Issue – is an ● important component of these efforts. Over the past Sustainability: Maintaining the land’s productive 10 years, the IUFRO has worked to increase aware- capacity for future generations is a primary goal. ● ness of and interest in traditional knowledge and Relationships: Peoples’ connections among practices within the forest science community. In themselves and to their territory are not severed 2005, IUFRO established a task force on traditional by the use of new knowledge, ideas, or forest knowledge to bring together scientists from all techniques. ● continents who are approaching traditional knowl- Identity: People maintain their distinct cultural edge from a variety of natural and social science identity. ● disciplines, as well as representatives of relevant Reciprocity: People maintain their system of NGOs and indigenous peoples’ organizations. benefit sharing among themselves. Limits on exchange: While people may engage in Building on the momentum of the numerous confer- market exchange with the flow of products from ences and publications of the task force, two perma- the land, the fundamental productivity of the nent working parties were established within IUFRO in 2010 to foster longer-term international collabora- system itself is not viewed as capital to be exchanged. tion on forest-related traditional knowledge in tropi- cal and subtropical, and temperate and boreal regions, respectively. This collaboration included the These features help to explain how – in the absence of pressures that result in the erosion or destruction of organization of technical sessions which focused on traditional cultural and spiritual values and govern- the value of traditional forest-related knowledge for sustainable forest management at the 2014 IUFRO ance institutions, or loss of connection to their World Congress held in Salt Lake City, USA. lands – traditional knowledge and practices have survived, evolved, and sustained local and indigenous Hence, three of the papers included in this Special Issue are a direct result of such technical sessions communities over generations through changing (Camacho et al. 2016; Boafo et al. 2016; Siahaya environmental and sociopolitical conditions. For a variety of reasons, traditional knowledge, et al. 2016). In spite of the many challenges facing the holders forest management practices, and associated govern- and users of traditional forest-related knowledge ance systems in many regions are being eroded or have disappeared entirely (Collings 2009). Fewer throughout the world, there is a growing recognition of, and respect for, the diversity of knowledge systems rural households engage in traditional forest INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIODIVERSITY SCIENCE, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES & MANAGEMENT 3 and cultural approaches embedded in indigenous and Note local communities. Increasingly, the value of tradi- 1. http://www.iufro.org/science/task-forces/former- tional forest-related knowledge and practices is being task-forces/traditional-forest-knowledge/ recognized in many countries and in international policy forums such as the Convention on Biological John Parrotta Diversity and the UN Convention to Combat USDA Forest Service, Research & Development, Desertification. Most notable is the ongoing work of Washington, DC, USA the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on jparrotta@fs.fed.us Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). This Youn Yeo-Chang intergovernmental body, established in 2012, assesses Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National the state of biodiversity and the ecosystem services it University, Seoul, Republic of Korea provides to society and has as one of its foundational operating principles the recognition and respect for Leni D. Camacho the contribution of indigenous and local knowledge Department of Social Forestry and Forest Governance, to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiver- College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of sity and ecosystems (Larigauderie & Mooney 2010; the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines Díaz et al. 2015). In recent years, IPBES has made important progress toward the incorporation of such knowledge in its global and regional assessments References (Thaman et al. 2013). The recently completed Berkes F. 2008. Sacred ecology. 2nd ed. New York: Thematic Assessment on Pollinators, Pollination and Routledge. Food Production is one such IPBES product in which Boafo YA, Saito O, Kato S, Kamiyama C, Takeuchi K, traditional and local knowledge figured prominently Nakahara M. 2016. The role of traditional ecological (IPBES 2016). knowledge in ecosystem services management: the case of four rural communities in Northern Ghana. The studies included in this IJBESM Special Issue Int J Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Serv Manag. demonstrate both the value of traditional knowledge 12:24–38. for ecosystem management and the challenges that Camacho LD, Gevaña DT, Carandang AP, Camacho SC. traditional communities face in conserving, fully uti- 2016. Indigenous knowledge and practices for the sus- lizing, and passing on their knowledge and wisdom to tainable management of Ifugao forests in Cordillera, younger generations. Forestry professionals and gov- Philippines. Int J Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Serv Manag. 12:5–13. ernment decision-makers have important roles to Collings N. 2009. Environment. In: The state of the world’s play to reverse the loss of traditional knowledge and indigenous peoples. New York: United Nations; p. 84– enhance the biodiversity conservation and ecosystem 127. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, service benefits that traditional knowledge-based for- Division for Social Policy and Development, Secretariat est management systems have historically provided. of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues Report No. ST/ESA/328. This, however, will require a deeper and more wide- Cummings AR, Read JM. 2016. Drawing on traditional spread understanding of, as well as respect and sup- knowledge to identify and describe ecosystem services port for, the traditional knowledge and practices associated with Northern Amazon’s multiple-use which are still being retained within local and indi- plants.Int JBiodiversityScience,Ecosystem Serv genous communities. Educational institutions, parti- Manag. 12:39–56. cularly forestry schools and university departments Díaz S, Demissew S, Carabias J, Joly C, Lonsdale M, Ash N, Larigauderie A, Adhikari JR, Arico S, Báldi A, et al. 2015. dealing with natural resource management, also The IPBES conceptual framework — connecting nature have an important role – and opportunity. A fuller and people. Curr Opin Environ Sustainability. 14:1–16. appreciation of the value of traditional knowledge for IPBES. 2016. Summary for policymakers of the assess- sustainable forest management has the potential to ment report of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy enrich university and professional curricula by Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on pollinators, pollination andfoodproduction. PottsSG, expanding current intellectual boundaries to include Imperatriz-Fonseca VL, Ngo HT, Biesmeijer JC, the knowledge, management practices, and the his- Breeze TD, Dicks LV, Garibaldi LA, Hill R, Settele J, torical and cultural contexts of the indigenous and Vanbergen AJ, et al., editors. Draft version published local communities which have been marginalized for online by IPBES. Available from: http://www.ipbes. generations by mainstream science, technology, and net/sites/default/files/downloads/SPM_Pollinators_une education. dited%20advance.pdf Larigauderie A, Mooney HA. 2010. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: moving a step closer to an IPCC-like mechanism Disclosure statement for biodiversity. Curr Opin Environ Sustainability. 2:9–14. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the Maffi L, Woodley E. 2010. Biocultural diversity conserva- authors. tion: a global sourcebook. New York: Routledge; p. 304. 4 J. PARROTTA ET AL. Ouédraogo I, Nacoulma BMI, Hahn K, Thiombiano A. Parrotta JA, Trosper RL, editors. 2012. Traditional forest- 2014. Assessing ecosystem services based on indigenous related knowledge: sustaining communities, ecosystems knowledge in south-eastern Burkina Faso (West Africa). and biocultural diversity. World Forest Series vol. 12. Int J Biodivers Sci Manage. 10:313–321. Springer: Dordrecht, the Netherlands. Parrotta JA, Dey De Pryck J, Darko Obiri B, Padoch C, Siahaya ME, Hutauruk TR, Aponno HSES, Hatulesila Powell B, Sandbrook C. 2015. The historical, environ- JW, Mardhanie AB. 2016. Traditional ecological mental and socio-economic context of forests and tree- knowledge on shifting cultivation and forest manage- based systems for food security and nutrition. In: Vira B, ment in East Borneo, Indonesia. Int J Biodiversity Mansourian S, Wildburger C, editors. Forests, trees and Science, Ecosystem Serv Manag. 12:14–23. landscapes for food security and nutrition: a global Thaman R, Lyver P, Mpande R, Perez E, Cariño J, assessment report. IUFRO World Series Volume 33. Takeuchi K, editors. 2013. The contribution of indigenous Vienna: International Union of Forest Research and local knowledge systems to IPBES: building synergies Organizations; p. 51–85. Available from: http://www. with science. IPBES Expert Meeting Report, UNESCO/ iufro.org/science/gfep/ UNU. Paris: UNESCO; p. 49 http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management Taylor & Francis

Traditional knowledge for sustainable forest management and provision of ecosystem services

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Taylor & Francis
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© 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
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2151-3732
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10.1080/21513732.2016.1169580
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Abstract

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIODIVERSITY SCIENCE, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES & MANAGEMENT, 2016 VOL. 12, NOS. 1–2, 1–4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2016.1169580 EDITORIAL Traditional knowledge for sustainable forest management and provision of ecosystem services Forests, and the people who depend on them, are management, shifting cultivation, and agroforestry under enormous pressure worldwide. Deforestation systems, continue to provide the material and non- in many parts of the world continues at an alarming material needs of societies without jeopardizing the pace, the result of agricultural conversion for food biodiversity and functional integrity of forests and and industrial crops such as oil palm, livestock pro- associated ecosystems (Parrotta et al. 2015). duction, mining, and energy and industrial infra- Examples of such systems are discussed in the articles structure development. Forest degradation is even included in this short Special Issue of International more widespread, leading to more gradual losses of Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & biodiversity, forest structure, ecological functioning, Management (IJBESM). Three of the papers included and provision of ecosystem services. Biodiversity loss, in this Special Issue (Camacho et al. 2016; Boafo et al. climate change, pollution, water shortages, and envir- 2016; Siahaya et al. 2016) are based on presentations onmental conflicts lessen the capacity of forest land- given at the 2014 International Union of Forest scapes to provide the environmental goods and Research Organizations (IUFRO) World Congress services that underpin food security and other basic held in Salt Lake City, USA. human needs. Faced with these problems, and con- In their assessment of muyong – traditional inte- sidering their origins, many question whether the grated watershed management systems in the north- science and technology that currently shapes our ern Philippines – Camacho et al. (2016) discuss how lives and the management of natural resources is up the indigenous people provide the timber and water to the task of building a truly sustainable future. regulating services to sustain agricultural productivity Perhaps, as Albert Einstein suggested: ‘The world as while also helping to conserve biodiversity and eco- we have created it, is a process of our thinking. It system resilience for generations, at a landscape level. cannot be changed without changing our thinking.’ Similarly, the study by Siahaya et al. (2016) describes Fortunately, there are other sources of knowledge the traditional knowledge that has guided the devel- and wisdom to draw on in our collective quest for opment of upland rice cultivation based on sophisti- sustainable natural resource management. Long before cated shifting cultivation techniques – gilir balik – the development of modern forest science and ‘scien- used by the indigenous Dayak Tunjung community tific’ forest management in Europe in the early nine- in East Borneo, who for generations have relied on teenth century, local and indigenous communities these practices to ensure their food security. A study throughout the world managed forests and associated of rural communities in northern Ghana by Boafo landscapes in countless ways that sustained their liveli- et al. (2016) examines how traditional knowledge in hoods and cultures, without jeopardizing the capacity its various forms – taboos and totems, customs and of these ecosystems to provide goods and services for rituals, rules and regulations, traditional protected future generations. The knowledge, innovations, and areas – still play an important role in managing practices of these communities evolved through var- ecosystem services in these villages. However, the ious experiences gained over centuries under changing study also found that awareness of and compliance environmental, economic, political, and social condi- with traditional norms and practices are associated tions. Typically, this traditional knowledge has been more with older village residents than with younger transmitted orally from generation to generation, often generations. This intergenerational erosion of forest- in the form of stories, songs, folklore, and proverbs, as related traditional knowledge, revealed both in this well as direct training of youth by elders. Traditional study and in that of the Ifugao communities in the knowledge – supported by and embodied in local Philippines (Camacho et al. 2016) and among the languages, cultural values, beliefs, rituals, community Dayak Tunjung in East Borneo (Siahaya et al. 2016), laws, and governance systems – has created a diverse highlights the need for greater emphasis on both array of natural resource management practices that conservation of traditional knowledge and appropri- sustain these communities’ food security, health, and ate adaptation of traditional practices to meet the cultural traditions (Berkes 2008). changing livelihood needs of younger generation Complex forest management practices based on without losing the multiple ecosystem service benefits traditional knowledge, including natural forest that traditional practices have typically yielded. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group 2 J. PARROTTA ET AL. management practices as development programs There is also significant potential for integrating focus more on the promotion of simplified and inten- traditional knowledge into forest resource assess- ments for the purpose of improved forest manage- sified agricultural production and other land and resource use that aim at maximizing the yield of a ment. A good example of the use of traditional narrow range of agricultural crops and forest pro- knowledge to inform forest management planning is presented by Cummings and Read (2016). Their ducts to satisfy the demands of state actors and national or international markets. In the majority of study demonstrates how traditional knowledge of cases, policy-makers, planners, natural resource man- the Makushi and Wapishiana Amerindians of Southern Guyana may be used as part of forest inven- agers (including conservationists), forestry and agri- cultural scientists, and extension agents have paid tories to identify and classify tree and palm species little attention to traditional knowledge and its prac- and how they are used for provisioning, cultural, and supporting ecosystem services. Such an approach titioners. Strenuous efforts have been made to sup- enriches our understanding of the multiple dimen- press and replace this knowledge with more ‘scientific’ practices, particularly in the case of shift- sions of ecosystem services associated with individual species, and allows for more robust evaluation of ing agriculture. This erosion and loss of traditional forest values than is typically the case in current knowledge and practices has often had very serious scientific assessments and management planning negative consequences for the well-being of local and activities. indigenous communities, and for forests, associated The diversity of traditional forest-related knowl- ecosystems, their biodiversity, and capacity to pro- edge systems and practices in the world reflects the duce environmental goods and services on a sustain- environmental/ecological conditions, history, and the able basis (Ouédraogo et al. 2014). social, economic, and cultural characteristics of the While traditional forest-related knowledge, its his- communities that have retained this knowledge torical contributions, and resilience remain under- (Parrotta & Trosper 2012). These systems share a recognized, efforts to preserve and enhance it are number of objectives and characteristics which dis- increasing (Maffi & Woodley 2010). Collaborative tinguish them from most ‘modern’ natural resource research between forest scientists and the holders management practices, including the following: and users of traditional knowledge – exemplified in the articles included in this Special Issue – is an ● important component of these efforts. Over the past Sustainability: Maintaining the land’s productive 10 years, the IUFRO has worked to increase aware- capacity for future generations is a primary goal. ● ness of and interest in traditional knowledge and Relationships: Peoples’ connections among practices within the forest science community. In themselves and to their territory are not severed 2005, IUFRO established a task force on traditional by the use of new knowledge, ideas, or forest knowledge to bring together scientists from all techniques. ● continents who are approaching traditional knowl- Identity: People maintain their distinct cultural edge from a variety of natural and social science identity. ● disciplines, as well as representatives of relevant Reciprocity: People maintain their system of NGOs and indigenous peoples’ organizations. benefit sharing among themselves. Limits on exchange: While people may engage in Building on the momentum of the numerous confer- market exchange with the flow of products from ences and publications of the task force, two perma- the land, the fundamental productivity of the nent working parties were established within IUFRO in 2010 to foster longer-term international collabora- system itself is not viewed as capital to be exchanged. tion on forest-related traditional knowledge in tropi- cal and subtropical, and temperate and boreal regions, respectively. This collaboration included the These features help to explain how – in the absence of pressures that result in the erosion or destruction of organization of technical sessions which focused on traditional cultural and spiritual values and govern- the value of traditional forest-related knowledge for sustainable forest management at the 2014 IUFRO ance institutions, or loss of connection to their World Congress held in Salt Lake City, USA. lands – traditional knowledge and practices have survived, evolved, and sustained local and indigenous Hence, three of the papers included in this Special Issue are a direct result of such technical sessions communities over generations through changing (Camacho et al. 2016; Boafo et al. 2016; Siahaya environmental and sociopolitical conditions. For a variety of reasons, traditional knowledge, et al. 2016). In spite of the many challenges facing the holders forest management practices, and associated govern- and users of traditional forest-related knowledge ance systems in many regions are being eroded or have disappeared entirely (Collings 2009). Fewer throughout the world, there is a growing recognition of, and respect for, the diversity of knowledge systems rural households engage in traditional forest INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIODIVERSITY SCIENCE, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES & MANAGEMENT 3 and cultural approaches embedded in indigenous and Note local communities. Increasingly, the value of tradi- 1. http://www.iufro.org/science/task-forces/former- tional forest-related knowledge and practices is being task-forces/traditional-forest-knowledge/ recognized in many countries and in international policy forums such as the Convention on Biological John Parrotta Diversity and the UN Convention to Combat USDA Forest Service, Research & Development, Desertification. Most notable is the ongoing work of Washington, DC, USA the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on jparrotta@fs.fed.us Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). This Youn Yeo-Chang intergovernmental body, established in 2012, assesses Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National the state of biodiversity and the ecosystem services it University, Seoul, Republic of Korea provides to society and has as one of its foundational operating principles the recognition and respect for Leni D. Camacho the contribution of indigenous and local knowledge Department of Social Forestry and Forest Governance, to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiver- College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of sity and ecosystems (Larigauderie & Mooney 2010; the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines Díaz et al. 2015). In recent years, IPBES has made important progress toward the incorporation of such knowledge in its global and regional assessments References (Thaman et al. 2013). The recently completed Berkes F. 2008. Sacred ecology. 2nd ed. New York: Thematic Assessment on Pollinators, Pollination and Routledge. Food Production is one such IPBES product in which Boafo YA, Saito O, Kato S, Kamiyama C, Takeuchi K, traditional and local knowledge figured prominently Nakahara M. 2016. The role of traditional ecological (IPBES 2016). knowledge in ecosystem services management: the case of four rural communities in Northern Ghana. The studies included in this IJBESM Special Issue Int J Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Serv Manag. demonstrate both the value of traditional knowledge 12:24–38. for ecosystem management and the challenges that Camacho LD, Gevaña DT, Carandang AP, Camacho SC. traditional communities face in conserving, fully uti- 2016. Indigenous knowledge and practices for the sus- lizing, and passing on their knowledge and wisdom to tainable management of Ifugao forests in Cordillera, younger generations. Forestry professionals and gov- Philippines. Int J Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Serv Manag. 12:5–13. ernment decision-makers have important roles to Collings N. 2009. Environment. In: The state of the world’s play to reverse the loss of traditional knowledge and indigenous peoples. New York: United Nations; p. 84– enhance the biodiversity conservation and ecosystem 127. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, service benefits that traditional knowledge-based for- Division for Social Policy and Development, Secretariat est management systems have historically provided. of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues Report No. ST/ESA/328. This, however, will require a deeper and more wide- Cummings AR, Read JM. 2016. Drawing on traditional spread understanding of, as well as respect and sup- knowledge to identify and describe ecosystem services port for, the traditional knowledge and practices associated with Northern Amazon’s multiple-use which are still being retained within local and indi- plants.Int JBiodiversityScience,Ecosystem Serv genous communities. Educational institutions, parti- Manag. 12:39–56. cularly forestry schools and university departments Díaz S, Demissew S, Carabias J, Joly C, Lonsdale M, Ash N, Larigauderie A, Adhikari JR, Arico S, Báldi A, et al. 2015. dealing with natural resource management, also The IPBES conceptual framework — connecting nature have an important role – and opportunity. A fuller and people. Curr Opin Environ Sustainability. 14:1–16. appreciation of the value of traditional knowledge for IPBES. 2016. Summary for policymakers of the assess- sustainable forest management has the potential to ment report of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy enrich university and professional curricula by Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on pollinators, pollination andfoodproduction. PottsSG, expanding current intellectual boundaries to include Imperatriz-Fonseca VL, Ngo HT, Biesmeijer JC, the knowledge, management practices, and the his- Breeze TD, Dicks LV, Garibaldi LA, Hill R, Settele J, torical and cultural contexts of the indigenous and Vanbergen AJ, et al., editors. Draft version published local communities which have been marginalized for online by IPBES. Available from: http://www.ipbes. generations by mainstream science, technology, and net/sites/default/files/downloads/SPM_Pollinators_une education. dited%20advance.pdf Larigauderie A, Mooney HA. 2010. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: moving a step closer to an IPCC-like mechanism Disclosure statement for biodiversity. Curr Opin Environ Sustainability. 2:9–14. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the Maffi L, Woodley E. 2010. Biocultural diversity conserva- authors. tion: a global sourcebook. New York: Routledge; p. 304. 4 J. PARROTTA ET AL. Ouédraogo I, Nacoulma BMI, Hahn K, Thiombiano A. Parrotta JA, Trosper RL, editors. 2012. Traditional forest- 2014. Assessing ecosystem services based on indigenous related knowledge: sustaining communities, ecosystems knowledge in south-eastern Burkina Faso (West Africa). and biocultural diversity. World Forest Series vol. 12. Int J Biodivers Sci Manage. 10:313–321. Springer: Dordrecht, the Netherlands. Parrotta JA, Dey De Pryck J, Darko Obiri B, Padoch C, Siahaya ME, Hutauruk TR, Aponno HSES, Hatulesila Powell B, Sandbrook C. 2015. The historical, environ- JW, Mardhanie AB. 2016. Traditional ecological mental and socio-economic context of forests and tree- knowledge on shifting cultivation and forest manage- based systems for food security and nutrition. In: Vira B, ment in East Borneo, Indonesia. Int J Biodiversity Mansourian S, Wildburger C, editors. Forests, trees and Science, Ecosystem Serv Manag. 12:14–23. landscapes for food security and nutrition: a global Thaman R, Lyver P, Mpande R, Perez E, Cariño J, assessment report. IUFRO World Series Volume 33. Takeuchi K, editors. 2013. The contribution of indigenous Vienna: International Union of Forest Research and local knowledge systems to IPBES: building synergies Organizations; p. 51–85. Available from: http://www. with science. IPBES Expert Meeting Report, UNESCO/ iufro.org/science/gfep/ UNU. Paris: UNESCO; p. 49

Journal

International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management – Taylor & Francis

Published: Jan 2, 2016

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