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Modern discussions of ritual and the origins of the six-hundred-year-old Japanese <i>nÅ</i> theatre have focused on the enigmatic Okina danceâone of the "three rites," <i>shikisanban</i>, enacted today by performers at the New Year's and other ceremonial occasions. For modern <i>nÅ</i> actors, Okina is the heart of <i>nÅ</i>: a living prototype of the ritual theatre <i>nÅ</i> once supposedly embodied but somehow lost. Yet Okina's very rituality differentiates it from <i>nÅ</i>. Hence Okina is cited both as an archetype of <i>nÅ</i>'s past and as a salient point of contrast for defining <i>nÅ</i>'s artistry today.</p><p>This article declares this relationship between Okina and <i>nÅ</i> to be a modern formulation resulting from three factors: a change in religiosity in the early twentieth century, the role of scholars and performers of that era in reclaiming Okina's centrality to <i>nÅ</i>, and assumptions in the fields of anthropology and folklore studies about the origin of theatre in ritual. The modern conceptualization of Okina functions as an invented tradition engendering authority for <i>nÅ</i> professionals, particularly the hereditary elite, who compete to lay claim to its mystery, sanctity, and power.
Asian Theatre Journal – University of Hawai'I Press
Published: Sep 1, 2001
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