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After witnessing public attempts at thwarting redevelopment projects dictated by government and big business, Lawrence Halprin and Associates formulated the <i>Take Part Process</i> in 1970 to stimulate citizen participation in environmental design. Though Halprin sought federal support to institutionalize âTaking Part,â its development emerged from 1960s anti-establishment culture and was significantly impacted by the work of his wife in avant-garde dance and choreography. Despite claims that the process was open-ended, however, Halprin and his firm clearly had preconceived objectives. Using the application of âTaking Partâ in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, this paper assesses the unresolved ambiguity between facilitation and manipulation latent in the process, as well as what might be learned from this tension between facilitation and manipulation in public process planning today.
Landscape Journal: design, planning, and management of the land – University of Wisconsin Press
Published: Feb 16, 2013
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