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CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene of a Chilean pediatric cohort with idiopathic inguinal cryptorchidism

CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene of a Chilean pediatric cohort with... INTRODUCTIONThe incomplete descent of one or both testis through the inguinal canal into the scrotum is a developmental anomaly known as cryptorchidism (DOID: 11383), which is seen in approximately 1%–9% of male newborns.1,2 By the end of the first year of life, due to spontaneous descent, only 1% of boys will still have cryptorchidism.3 The persistence of cryptorchidism represents a risk factor for testicular cancer4 and sub‐fertility.5 The influence of different factors over cryptorchidism has been extensively studied. Potential etiological factors include maternal, gestational and hormonal disturbances, and also genetic factors. Only a few of them, however, have demonstrated significant associations, such as maternal smoking, birth weight, family history of cryptorchidism, and some genetic variants.2 Among the genes potentially implicated in cryptorchidism is the androgen receptor gene (AR).6Testicular descent occurs in two phases; transabdominal, mainly regulated by INSL3, and inguinoscrotal, which is under androgen control (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone—DHT). The first phase (transabdominal) occurs between the 10th and 12th weeks of gestation in humans and is characterized by gubernaculum thickening which pulls the testicles from the abdominal wall into the inguinal ring. The last phase (inguinoscrotal) is characterized by migration of the gubernaculum with elongation of the processus vaginalis following http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Andrology Wiley

CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene of a Chilean pediatric cohort with idiopathic inguinal cryptorchidism

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References (53)

Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology.
ISSN
2047-2919
eISSN
2047-2927
DOI
10.1111/andr.13487
Publisher site
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Abstract

INTRODUCTIONThe incomplete descent of one or both testis through the inguinal canal into the scrotum is a developmental anomaly known as cryptorchidism (DOID: 11383), which is seen in approximately 1%–9% of male newborns.1,2 By the end of the first year of life, due to spontaneous descent, only 1% of boys will still have cryptorchidism.3 The persistence of cryptorchidism represents a risk factor for testicular cancer4 and sub‐fertility.5 The influence of different factors over cryptorchidism has been extensively studied. Potential etiological factors include maternal, gestational and hormonal disturbances, and also genetic factors. Only a few of them, however, have demonstrated significant associations, such as maternal smoking, birth weight, family history of cryptorchidism, and some genetic variants.2 Among the genes potentially implicated in cryptorchidism is the androgen receptor gene (AR).6Testicular descent occurs in two phases; transabdominal, mainly regulated by INSL3, and inguinoscrotal, which is under androgen control (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone—DHT). The first phase (transabdominal) occurs between the 10th and 12th weeks of gestation in humans and is characterized by gubernaculum thickening which pulls the testicles from the abdominal wall into the inguinal ring. The last phase (inguinoscrotal) is characterized by migration of the gubernaculum with elongation of the processus vaginalis following

Journal

Andrology – Wiley

Published: Jun 28, 2023

Keywords: androgen receptor; cryptorchidism; polymorphisms

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