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Causal association of cardiovascular disease with erectile dysfunction: a two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis

Causal association of cardiovascular disease with erectile dysfunction: a two‐sample... INTRODUCTIONErectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability of the male to achieve and/or maintain penile erection to complete sexual intercourse or to achieve satisfactory sexual intercourse. This is a common male condition affecting 1.5 million men worldwide.1 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death worldwide, and even when treated promptly, it can cause sequelae of various severity, and impose a significant financial burden.2 As ED and CVD share the same risk factors, including dyslipidaemia, obesity, smoking, and diabetes, ED and CVD patients often overlap, but the nature of the relationship between these diseases remains unclear.3Since the 2000s, numerous clinical studies have discussed the relationship around ED and CVD. With the current view that atherosclerosis occurs first in small‐diameter vessels, such as those in the penis, the occurrence of ED can be considered an early sign of subclinical‐stage cardiovascular involvement and can be used to predict the onset of CVD early.4 Some studies have shown an increased cardiovascular risk in men after the first onset of ED.5 The Princeton Consensus Guidelines state that ED itself is considered an independent marker of increased CVD risk and that ED exacerbates the risk of death from CVD.6 However, some studies http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Andrology Wiley

Causal association of cardiovascular disease with erectile dysfunction: a two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis

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Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology.
ISSN
2047-2919
eISSN
2047-2927
DOI
10.1111/andr.13421
Publisher site
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Abstract

INTRODUCTIONErectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability of the male to achieve and/or maintain penile erection to complete sexual intercourse or to achieve satisfactory sexual intercourse. This is a common male condition affecting 1.5 million men worldwide.1 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death worldwide, and even when treated promptly, it can cause sequelae of various severity, and impose a significant financial burden.2 As ED and CVD share the same risk factors, including dyslipidaemia, obesity, smoking, and diabetes, ED and CVD patients often overlap, but the nature of the relationship between these diseases remains unclear.3Since the 2000s, numerous clinical studies have discussed the relationship around ED and CVD. With the current view that atherosclerosis occurs first in small‐diameter vessels, such as those in the penis, the occurrence of ED can be considered an early sign of subclinical‐stage cardiovascular involvement and can be used to predict the onset of CVD early.4 Some studies have shown an increased cardiovascular risk in men after the first onset of ED.5 The Princeton Consensus Guidelines state that ED itself is considered an independent marker of increased CVD risk and that ED exacerbates the risk of death from CVD.6 However, some studies

Journal

Andrology – Wiley

Published: Mar 9, 2023

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; coronary heart disease; erectile dysfunction; heart failure; ischemic stroke; myocardial infarction

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