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Cover Caption Conservation Letters August 2012, Volume 5, Issue 4 Conservation Letters Mini Reviews 245 Environmental governance and its implications for conservation practice A journal of the Society for Conservation Biology Volume 5, Number 4, August 2012 Derek Armitage, Rob de Loë, and Ryan Plummer 256 Conservation in tropical Pacifi c Island countries: why most current approaches are failing Gunnar Keppel, Clare Morrison, Dick Watling, Marika V. Tuiwawa, and Isaac A. Rounds Policy Perspectives 266 iREDD hedges against avoided deforestation’s unholy trinity of leakage, permanence and additionality Penny van Oosterzee, James Blignaut, and Corey J. A. Bradshaw 274 Acting fast helps avoid extinction Tara G. Martin, Simon Nally, Andrew A. Burbidge, Sophie Arnall, Stephen T. Garnett, Matt W. Hayward, Linda F. Lumsden, Peter Menkhorst, Eve McDonald-Madden, and Hugh P. Possingham 281 Mainstreaming ecosystem services through reformed European agricultural policies Tobias Plieninger, Christian Schleyer, Harald Schaich, Bettina Ohnesorge, Holger Gerdes, Mónica Hernández-Morcillo, and Claudia Bieling 289 How indeterminism shapes ecologists’ contributions to managing socio-ecological systems Sarah Michaels and Andrew J. Tyre 296 Sustaining conservation values in selectively logged tropical forests: the attained and the attainable Francis E. Putz, Pieter A. Zuidema, Timothy Synnott, Marielos Peña-Claros, Michelle A. Pinard, Douglas Sheil, Jerome K. Vanclay, Plinio Sist, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Bronson Griscom, John Palmer, and Roderick Zagt Letters 304 Migration links ocean-scale competition and local ocean conditions with exposure to farmed salmon to shape wild salmon dynamics B. M. Connors, D. C. Braun, R.M. Peterman, A. B. Cooper, J. D. Reynolds, L. M. Dill, G. T. Ruggerone, and M. Krkošek 313 Too few data and not enough time: approaches to detecting Allee effects in threatened species James J. Gilroy, Thomas Virzi, Rebecca L. Boulton, and Julie L. Lockwood Correspondence 323 Agriculture as a key element for conservation: reasons for caution Ben Phalan, Andrew Balmford, and Rhys E. Green 325 Low-impact agriculture requires urgent attention not greater caution: response to Phalan and colleagues Hugh L. Wright, Iain R. Lake, and Paul M. Dolman Cover description: Sockeye salmon returning to spawn in the Adams River, a tributary of the Fraser River watershed in British Columbia. For years scientists have struggled to understand what factors have been responsible for declining survival in many Fraser River sockeye salmon populations beginning in the early 1990s. In this issue, Connors et al. shed light on this mystery by simultaneously considering evidence related to multiple possible explanations for the declines in Fraser sockeye populations (pages 304–312). The researchers found that increasing numbers of pink salmon across the North Pacifi c Ocean appear to be leading - directly or indirectly - to increasing competition for food with Fraser sockeye salmon, especially when the juvenile sockeye salmon fi rst migrate past large numbers of farmed salmon. These fi ndings suggest that the effect of exposure to farmed salmon may be mediated by the state of the ecosystem, highlighting the danger of focusing only on a single factor when trying to understand declines in salmon populations. This photo was taken by Conor McCracken (www.cdmimages.com) in the Adams River in the fall of 2010. The over-under image was shot by holding the camera half under and half out of the water. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/conl FOR PROMOTIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. c conl_5_4_cover.indd 1 onl_5_4_cover.indd 1 8 8/2/12 12:31:40 PM /2/12 12:31:40 PM conl_222.qxd 1/25/12 8:55 PM Page 1 Editorial Board A journal of the Society for Conservation Biology Editors in Chief Richard M. Cowling Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Port Elizabeth, South Africa rmc@kingsley.co.za Michael B. Mascia World Wildlife Fund Washington D.C. USA michael.mascia@wwfus.org Hugh Possingham University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia h.possingham@uq.edu.au William J. Sutherland University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK w.sutherland@zoo.cam.ac.uk Senior Editors Aims and Scope Phillip Levin NOAA Fisheries, Conservation Biology Division Seattle WA USA Conservation Letters is a scientific journal publishing empirical phil.levin@noaa.gov and theoretical research with significant implications for the Ashwini Chhatre conservation of biological diversity. The journal welcomes sub- University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign Urbana, IL missions across the biological and social sciences - especially USA achhatre@uiuc.edu interdisciplinary submissions – that advance pragmatic conser- vation goals as well as scientific understanding. Manuscripts Managing Editor Jennifer Mahar will be published on a rapid communications schedule and Wiley-Blackwell therefore should be current and topical. Research articles Boston, MA USA should clearly articulate the significance of their findings for jmahar@wiley.com conservation policy and practice. Board of Editors Arun Agrawal, Environmental Politics and Policy, University of Michigan Paul Armsworth, University of Tennessee, Knoxville Copyright and Photocopying James Aronson, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS) Andras Baldi, Hungarian Natural History Museum Xavier Basurto, Duke University Copyright© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. All rights reserved. James Blignaut, University of Pretoria Justin Brashares, University of California, Berkeley No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or trans- Amara T. Brook, conservation psychology, Santa Clara University Mark Colyvan, The University of Sydney mitted in any form or by any means without the prior permis- Rudolf S. de Groot, University of Waganingen sion in writing from the copyright holder. Authorization to Nick Dulvy, Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science Leah Gerber, Arizona State University photocopy items for internal and personal use is granted by Meredith Gore, Michigan State University Sandra Jonker, Human Dimensions of Wildlife, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife the copyright holder for libraries and other users registered Andrew Knight, Stellenbosch University with their local Reproduction Rights Organisation (RRO), e.g. Claire Kremen, University of California-Berkeley David Lindenmayer, The Australian National University Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Wayne Linklater, Victoria University of Wellington A.T. (Mandy) Lombard, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Danvers, MA 01923, USA (www.copyright.com), provided the Mark Lubell, University of California, Davis appropriate fee is paid directly to the RRO. This consent does Marc Mangel, University of California Pablo A. Marquet, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile not extend to other kinds of copying such as copying for gen- Laurence McCook, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Atte Moilanen, University of Helsinki eral distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for Olin Eugene (Gene) Myers Jr., Conservation Psychology, Western Washington University creating new collective works or for resale. Special requests Robin Naidoo, Ecological Economics, World Wildlife Fund-US Maile C. Neel, University of Maryland should be addressed to: permissionsuk@wiley.com Reed Noss, University of Central Florida Subhredu Pattanayak, Environmental Economics, Duke University David N. Pellow, Environmental Sociology, University of Minnesota Stephen Polasky, Environmental Economics, University of Minnesota Disclaimer Andrew Pullin, Bangor University Belinda Reyers, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Ana Rodrigues, University of Cambridge Andrew Rosenberg, Conservation International The Publisher and Editors cannot be held responsible for Mathieu Rouget, South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) errors or any consequences arising from the use of informa- Dirk Roux, Monash, South Africa Diane Russell, Environmental Anthropology, US Agency for International Development tion contained in this journal; the views and opinions Javier Simonetti, Univeridad de Chile David Strayer, Cornell University expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the Publisher Chris D. Thomas, University of York and Editors, neither does the publication of advertisements Edward Layman Webb, National University of Singapore Paige West, Environmental Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History constitute any endorsement by the Publisher and Editors of Kerrie Wilson, University of Queensland Richard Zabel, NOAA the products advertised. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Conservation Letters Wiley

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Conservation Letters , Volume 5 (4) – Aug 1, 2012

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Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
"Copyright © 2012 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company"
eISSN
1755-263X
DOI
10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00271.x
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Abstract

Conservation Letters August 2012, Volume 5, Issue 4 Conservation Letters Mini Reviews 245 Environmental governance and its implications for conservation practice A journal of the Society for Conservation Biology Volume 5, Number 4, August 2012 Derek Armitage, Rob de Loë, and Ryan Plummer 256 Conservation in tropical Pacifi c Island countries: why most current approaches are failing Gunnar Keppel, Clare Morrison, Dick Watling, Marika V. Tuiwawa, and Isaac A. Rounds Policy Perspectives 266 iREDD hedges against avoided deforestation’s unholy trinity of leakage, permanence and additionality Penny van Oosterzee, James Blignaut, and Corey J. A. Bradshaw 274 Acting fast helps avoid extinction Tara G. Martin, Simon Nally, Andrew A. Burbidge, Sophie Arnall, Stephen T. Garnett, Matt W. Hayward, Linda F. Lumsden, Peter Menkhorst, Eve McDonald-Madden, and Hugh P. Possingham 281 Mainstreaming ecosystem services through reformed European agricultural policies Tobias Plieninger, Christian Schleyer, Harald Schaich, Bettina Ohnesorge, Holger Gerdes, Mónica Hernández-Morcillo, and Claudia Bieling 289 How indeterminism shapes ecologists’ contributions to managing socio-ecological systems Sarah Michaels and Andrew J. Tyre 296 Sustaining conservation values in selectively logged tropical forests: the attained and the attainable Francis E. Putz, Pieter A. Zuidema, Timothy Synnott, Marielos Peña-Claros, Michelle A. Pinard, Douglas Sheil, Jerome K. Vanclay, Plinio Sist, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Bronson Griscom, John Palmer, and Roderick Zagt Letters 304 Migration links ocean-scale competition and local ocean conditions with exposure to farmed salmon to shape wild salmon dynamics B. M. Connors, D. C. Braun, R.M. Peterman, A. B. Cooper, J. D. Reynolds, L. M. Dill, G. T. Ruggerone, and M. Krkošek 313 Too few data and not enough time: approaches to detecting Allee effects in threatened species James J. Gilroy, Thomas Virzi, Rebecca L. Boulton, and Julie L. Lockwood Correspondence 323 Agriculture as a key element for conservation: reasons for caution Ben Phalan, Andrew Balmford, and Rhys E. Green 325 Low-impact agriculture requires urgent attention not greater caution: response to Phalan and colleagues Hugh L. Wright, Iain R. Lake, and Paul M. Dolman Cover description: Sockeye salmon returning to spawn in the Adams River, a tributary of the Fraser River watershed in British Columbia. For years scientists have struggled to understand what factors have been responsible for declining survival in many Fraser River sockeye salmon populations beginning in the early 1990s. In this issue, Connors et al. shed light on this mystery by simultaneously considering evidence related to multiple possible explanations for the declines in Fraser sockeye populations (pages 304–312). The researchers found that increasing numbers of pink salmon across the North Pacifi c Ocean appear to be leading - directly or indirectly - to increasing competition for food with Fraser sockeye salmon, especially when the juvenile sockeye salmon fi rst migrate past large numbers of farmed salmon. These fi ndings suggest that the effect of exposure to farmed salmon may be mediated by the state of the ecosystem, highlighting the danger of focusing only on a single factor when trying to understand declines in salmon populations. This photo was taken by Conor McCracken (www.cdmimages.com) in the Adams River in the fall of 2010. The over-under image was shot by holding the camera half under and half out of the water. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/conl FOR PROMOTIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. c conl_5_4_cover.indd 1 onl_5_4_cover.indd 1 8 8/2/12 12:31:40 PM /2/12 12:31:40 PM conl_222.qxd 1/25/12 8:55 PM Page 1 Editorial Board A journal of the Society for Conservation Biology Editors in Chief Richard M. Cowling Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Port Elizabeth, South Africa rmc@kingsley.co.za Michael B. Mascia World Wildlife Fund Washington D.C. USA michael.mascia@wwfus.org Hugh Possingham University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia h.possingham@uq.edu.au William J. Sutherland University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK w.sutherland@zoo.cam.ac.uk Senior Editors Aims and Scope Phillip Levin NOAA Fisheries, Conservation Biology Division Seattle WA USA Conservation Letters is a scientific journal publishing empirical phil.levin@noaa.gov and theoretical research with significant implications for the Ashwini Chhatre conservation of biological diversity. The journal welcomes sub- University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign Urbana, IL missions across the biological and social sciences - especially USA achhatre@uiuc.edu interdisciplinary submissions – that advance pragmatic conser- vation goals as well as scientific understanding. Manuscripts Managing Editor Jennifer Mahar will be published on a rapid communications schedule and Wiley-Blackwell therefore should be current and topical. Research articles Boston, MA USA should clearly articulate the significance of their findings for jmahar@wiley.com conservation policy and practice. Board of Editors Arun Agrawal, Environmental Politics and Policy, University of Michigan Paul Armsworth, University of Tennessee, Knoxville Copyright and Photocopying James Aronson, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS) Andras Baldi, Hungarian Natural History Museum Xavier Basurto, Duke University Copyright© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. All rights reserved. James Blignaut, University of Pretoria Justin Brashares, University of California, Berkeley No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or trans- Amara T. Brook, conservation psychology, Santa Clara University Mark Colyvan, The University of Sydney mitted in any form or by any means without the prior permis- Rudolf S. de Groot, University of Waganingen sion in writing from the copyright holder. Authorization to Nick Dulvy, Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science Leah Gerber, Arizona State University photocopy items for internal and personal use is granted by Meredith Gore, Michigan State University Sandra Jonker, Human Dimensions of Wildlife, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife the copyright holder for libraries and other users registered Andrew Knight, Stellenbosch University with their local Reproduction Rights Organisation (RRO), e.g. Claire Kremen, University of California-Berkeley David Lindenmayer, The Australian National University Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Wayne Linklater, Victoria University of Wellington A.T. (Mandy) Lombard, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Danvers, MA 01923, USA (www.copyright.com), provided the Mark Lubell, University of California, Davis appropriate fee is paid directly to the RRO. This consent does Marc Mangel, University of California Pablo A. Marquet, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile not extend to other kinds of copying such as copying for gen- Laurence McCook, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Atte Moilanen, University of Helsinki eral distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for Olin Eugene (Gene) Myers Jr., Conservation Psychology, Western Washington University creating new collective works or for resale. Special requests Robin Naidoo, Ecological Economics, World Wildlife Fund-US Maile C. Neel, University of Maryland should be addressed to: permissionsuk@wiley.com Reed Noss, University of Central Florida Subhredu Pattanayak, Environmental Economics, Duke University David N. Pellow, Environmental Sociology, University of Minnesota Stephen Polasky, Environmental Economics, University of Minnesota Disclaimer Andrew Pullin, Bangor University Belinda Reyers, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Ana Rodrigues, University of Cambridge Andrew Rosenberg, Conservation International The Publisher and Editors cannot be held responsible for Mathieu Rouget, South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) errors or any consequences arising from the use of informa- Dirk Roux, Monash, South Africa Diane Russell, Environmental Anthropology, US Agency for International Development tion contained in this journal; the views and opinions Javier Simonetti, Univeridad de Chile David Strayer, Cornell University expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the Publisher Chris D. Thomas, University of York and Editors, neither does the publication of advertisements Edward Layman Webb, National University of Singapore Paige West, Environmental Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History constitute any endorsement by the Publisher and Editors of Kerrie Wilson, University of Queensland Richard Zabel, NOAA the products advertised.

Journal

Conservation LettersWiley

Published: Aug 1, 2012

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